State three functions of a network operating system
Mikal has been employed as a computer trainer in an organisation. State three roles that she is likely to play in the organisation
Explain the differences between parallel running and direct changeover as ways of implementing the new system.
Direct changeover – new system replaces existing system immediately/overnight
Parallel running – new system runs alongside/together with existing system
Parallel running – there is always the old system to fall back on in the event of the new system failing/information is not lost/always a second copy
Direct changeover – if things go wrong lose all data/old system is not available
Direct changeover – training is more difficult to organise
Parallel running – training can be gradual Parallel running is more expensive to implement than direct changeover....
Direct changeover is a quicker method of implementation than parallel running
Direct Changeover: The old system is stopped completely, and the new system is started. All of the data that used to be input into the old system, now goes into the new one.
Parallel Running: The new system is started, but the old system is kept running in parallel (side-by-side) for a while. All of the data that is input into the old system, is also input into the new one. Eventually, the old system will be stopped, but only when the new system has been proven to work.
During data entry, Anne typed the letter S instead of 5. What type of error is this? (1mark)
Misreading error
Define Domain integrity
Domain integrity - ensures that all data in a field contain valid values
Fibre optic cable is available in either single-mode or multi-mode. Outline the characteristics of each mode.
State the areas where infra-red radio waves are used KCSE 2018
1. State two ways in which a computer may be used in a healthcare sector other than record keeping
State the functions of the following registers
Program counter // PC
• Stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched
Memory address register // MAR
• Stores the address where data/instruction is to be read from or saved to
Memory data register // MDR
• Stores data that is about to be written to memory // Stores data that has just been read from memory
Current instruction register // CIR
• Stores the instruction that is currently being decoded/executed
There are four change-over methods used in the implementation stage of the system development life cycle (SDLC): direct change-over, phased, parallel and pilot.
Direct Change-Over
Phased
Give a reason why HMTL is not regarded as a programming language
State the functions of the following:
Bridge: Joins together two networks that use the same base protocols.
Hub: Copies all packets of data to all devices on the network.
Router: Stores the addresses of computers on the network and transfers data between devices.
Switch : Analyses each data packet and sends it to the computer it was intended for.
State Examples of utility programs
Encryption software
Defragmentation s/w
(Data) compression s/w
Anti-virus / anti-malware s/w
Disk analysis and repair s/w
Auto-update
Firewall
...over a network/external source
Outline three ways through which ICT can used in marketing
ICT is used to create e-commerce platforms that have made business transactions easier and convenient by allowing customers make purchases and payments from anywhere at any time
ICT is used by marketing agents to create exciting multimedia presentations concerning products or services and present them to the target customers using presentation software such MS PowerPoint
Using multimedia, presentation and animation software, it is possible to design attractive advert materials and video clips to display on billboards, broadcast over a television or uploaded on the internet
Maranda Mock CRE Paper 2 2024
c) Six ways in which Christians can assist the physically challenged members of the society (6mks)
Establishing special institutions for them
Donating equipment, which assists them in their movement.
Giving them vocational training
Assisting them in their daily chores
Accepting them as human beings like themselves
Helping them to develop their talents e.g. games, music, drama etc.
Identifying their abilities and giving them employment.
Encouraging relatives to live with them.
Giving them financial assistance to start income generating projects
a) The parable of the shrewd manager in Luke 16:1-33. (7mks)
There was a rich man who had a steward. He received charges that the steward was wasting his goods.
He called him what he was hearing about him. He told him to turn in account of his stewardship for he could no longer be steward.
The steward asked himself what he would do since his master was taking the stewardship away from him.
He was not strong enough to dig and was ashamed to beg.
He decided what to do so that people may receive him into their house when he is out of the stewardship
He was to summon his masters’ debtors one by one. He went to the first one and asked him how much he owned his master. The debtor said a hundred measures of oil, which he was told to write fifty.
He asked another how much he owned his master. He said a hundred measures of wheat he was told to write eighty
The master commended the dishonest steward for his shrewdness for the sons of his world are shrewder in dealing with their own generation that the ones light.
Seven causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish leader in Jerusalem. (7mks)
They questioned the authority Jesus was using to teach Lk 20:1-8.
Jesus accused them of persecuting and rejecting Gods servants in the parable of tenants. Lk 20:9-18.
They had conflict on the issue of whether to pay taxes to cease or not. Lk 20:19-26
The question on resurrection by the Sadducees on Levites marriage. Lk 20:27-39
He claimed to be the messiah and said that even David called Him Lord in the book of Psalms Lk 20:4-44
Jesus openly condemned the hypocrisy of the Jewish leader Lk 20:45-47
Jesus prophesied the destruction of temple of Jerusalem
He condemned the offerings of the rich Jewish leaders, which were meant to show off, but praised the widows’ offerings, which was made out of self-sacrifice Lk 21:1.
Six ways in which parents can resolve misunderstanding with their children. (6mks)
Allowing dialogue
Listening to their views
Presenting them with the correct, picture of the situation
Setting a good example to them
Giving them appropriate time for leisure activities
Seeking help from church leaders
Guiding them on how to choose friends
Advising them on the right moral values
Praying for and with them to bring about understanding
Committing the children to God’s will
Discussing the problem with their friends and relatives
a) Seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7mks)
The holy spirit would comfort the disciples
He was to counsel the disciples
He would guide the disciples on what is right / God’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He was to show disciples on what is right
He was to reveal the future / enable the disciples to prophet’s / God’s will
He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world
He would replace the physical presence of Jesus
He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage
b)How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ? (8mks)
St Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
Christ is the head of the church
The believers form parts of the body
The body has different organs, in the same way the church has different members
They all need to work together for the well-being of the church
Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/ all parts interdependent / one part cannot be without the other
The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the holy spirit to carry out God’s work
Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
c)The church in Kenya help to bring about the unity in the country. (6mks)
Assisting the government is developing a curriculum schools that teaches about patriotism
Advocating for peaceful co-existence among Kenyans
Fighting corruption, discrimination, tribalism, nepotism and all forms of favourism
Acting as a voice of reason among the ruling political class demanding their unity as a government
Assisting the less fortunate in the society thus fighting disparity
Condemning and reporting to the relevant authorized groups that bring disharmony in the society
Developing joint rallies, prayers and reconciliatory meetings together.
Forgiving one another to avoid disunity
Obeying church rules/ leaders
Chastity is a virtue
a) Attitude of Christian towards human sexuality. (7mks)
Sex is sacred
Man and woman are for companionship
Both man and woman are equal before God
It is for procreation
Man and woman are complementary
Man and woman were created in the image of God
They became one in marriage
Human beings have the ability to control sexual desire
All forms of irresponsible sex are condemned
Chastity is a virtue
b)Six ways in which sex is abused in Kenya today. (6mks)
Sex before marriage / fornication/ pre-marital sex
Sex outside marriage / adultery
Prostitution
Bestiality
Homosexuality/ lesbianism/ sodomy/oral sex
Pornographic literature/mass media using of technological devices in sex
Incest
Masturbation
Rape /defilement of minors
c)Why are minors sexually abused in Kenya today? (7mks)
Permissiveness
Lack of self-control
Influence of the mass media
Mental illness / stress/ drug and substance influence
Erosion of the African culture moral value
False religious / devil worship /strange cults
To avenge for oneself
Breakdown of religious values
Irresponsible parenthood
Indecent dressing
Leniency of the law
Idleness
Poverty / unemployment
6 a) Six practices in the African Society that promoted law, order and justice? (6mks)
Cultural taboos/dos and don’ts in the society
Kinship ties had rules which governed their relationships
Oaths – swearing while making agreements.
Rites of passage e.g. during initiation, the youth were taught laws/secrets of society.
Practice of rituals in the society promoted good relationships between the living/living dead.
Communal life i.e. “I am because we are, and since we are therefore Iamb.”
Inheritance of property was done fairly which brought justice /order.
Worship of God/veneration of ancestors created orderliness
b). Seven reasons for the need of law, order and justice in the society. (7mks)
In order to safeguard peoples personal rights.
To ensure security and protection of the people and their property.
To promote peace and harmony
To attract both local and foreign investment in the country
To promote peaceful relationship between countries.
To safeguard freedom of the citizens
To control and check the powers of those in authority
To enable the gov’t to implement its taxation policies effectively and to use the money
collected for the good of the community
To enable Christians worship God in peace and freely spread the good news.
c) Explain the factors which hinder effective maintenance of law and order in the (7 marks)
Increase in the rate of crime especially in urban areas
Political instability e.g. Post election violence
Greed for power and wealth
Political selfishness leading to dictatorship and despotism
High rate of unemployment leading to idleness / crime
Corruption especially by custodians of the law e.g. police.
Hypocrisy i.e. leaders misleading the society
High level of poverty forcing others into crime
Distinguish between one to one and one to many relationships as used in relational databases
One to one - Each record in the parent table has exactly one related record in the child table, and vice versa.
One to Many - Each record in the parent table can have multiple related records in the child table, but each record in the child table is related to only one record in the parent table
What is block operation as used in Microsoft word?
An editing or formatting procedure that is carried out on a selected block of text in a word-processing document.
A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character
Jane has noticed the following problems with her computer (2mks)
State three possible causes of these problems and how they can be solved (3mks)
There could be several possible causes for the issues Jane is experiencing with her computer keyboard, including:
1. Software Issues
- Cause: Outdated or corrupt system files, drivers, or operating system.
- Solution:
- Ensure the operating system and drivers are up-to-date.
- Run a system file checker to repair any corrupted system files (e.g., on Windows, run "sfc /scannow" from the Command Prompt).
- Consider reinstalling the operating system if issues persist.
2. Hardware Issues:
- Cause: Physical damage or malfunction in the keyboard hardware.
- Solution:
- Check for physical damage or debris under the keys and clean the keyboard if necessary.
- If cleaning doesn't help, consider replacing the keyboard with a new one.
3. Resource Overload:
- Cause: The computer may be running too many background processes or lacking sufficient hardware resources.
- Solution:
- Close unnecessary background applications and processes to free up system resources.
- Consider upgrading the computer's RAM, CPU, or storage if it's outdated and unable to handle current software demands.
- Use task manager or activity monitor to identify and terminate resource-intensive processes.
4. Malware or Viruses:
- Cause: Malicious software can slow down a computer, cause hanging, and delay startup.
- Solution:
- Perform a full system scan using reputable antivirus or anti-malware software to remove any threats.
- Ensure that the operating system's security patches are up-to-date.
5. Disk Fragmentation:
- Cause: Fragmented files can slow down the loading of applications and overall system performance.
- Solution:
- Run a disk defragmentation tool (e.g., Windows' built-in tool) to optimize file storage on the hard drive.
- Consider upgrading to a solid-state drive (SSD) for faster application loading times.
6. Insufficient Storage:
- Cause: If the hard drive is nearly full, it can cause slow performance.
- Solution:
- Free up space by deleting unnecessary files and programs.
- Consider upgrading to a larger capacity hard drive or SSD if storage space remains an issue.
7. Background Processes and Startup Items:
- Cause: Too many unnecessary programs running in the background or starting up with the computer.
- Solution:
- Disable or remove unnecessary startup items and background processes to improve startup time.
- Use the Task Manager or System Preferences (on macOS) to manage startup items.
It's important to diagnose the specific cause of the issues Jane is facing by troubleshooting each potential problem one by one. In some cases, a combination of these solutions may be necessary to fully resolve the problems with her computer keyboard.
Explain why a developer, who is good at both low-level and high-level programming, would normally use high-level languages when writing programs [4 marks]
Give one advantage of a star network when compared to a ring network.
– if one station/cable fails, others are not affected
– easier to identify faults when using star topologies
– it is easier to expand this type of network
– performance doesn’t deteriorate under load