Convert the HTML into a webpage which is rendered on the screen

• An agreement / set of rules / standard for how computers should communicate or how data is sent/received/transmitted on a network
• Example of what could be agreed in the protocol (e.g. speed / error checking / etc.)

• Editor: this allows a programmer to enter and edit source code
• Automatic formatting:  Correctly indents code
• Automatic colour coding:  Changes key words, literals and annotation to different colours
• Linker: this is a program which allows previously compiled code, from software libraries, to be linked together
• Loader: this is a program which loads previously compiled code into memory.
• Debugger: this is a program which helps locate, identify and rectify errors in a program
• Syntax error detection:  Highlighting syntax errors before code is translated
• Trace: this is a facility which displays the order in which the lines of a program are executed, and possibly the values of variables as the program is being run
• Break point: this is a facility which interrupts a program on a specific line of code, allowing the programmer to compare the values of variables against expected values.  The program code can then usually be executed one line at a time.  This is called single-stepping
• Variable watch: this is a facility which displays the current value of any variable.  The value can be 'watched' as the program code is single-stepped to see the effects of the code on the variable.  Alternatively a variable watch may be set, which will interrupt the program flow if the watched variable reaches a specified value
• Memory inspector: this is a facility which will display the contents of a section of memory
• Error diagnostics: these are used when a program fails to compile or to run.  Error messages are displayed to help the programmer diagnose what has gone wrong
• Emulator: will provide and emulator to run the code/app so no physical device required
• Context sensitive menu:  SDE suggests available options
• Statement completion:  SDE will complete a statement such as adding an ‘end if’ to an ‘if’ statement GUI creation:  Allows programmer to create a GUI by dragging and dropping controls (buttons, etc...) onto a form.
• Publisher: facility to package up and deploy program as an easy to install package

Responsibilities of the software developer is to ensure that the ergonomics focuses on making software user-friendly, reduces repetitive motions or eyestrain and enables movements of users to promote comfort and efficiency.

Software can be designed with adjustable text sizes and screen brightness settings to prevent eye strain, offering users a way to customise their visual experience for better comfort during prolonged use.

• It refers to a system software that provides a platform for installation and execution of an application software and also manages the computer hardware

Control Unit; Decodes instruction; Controls the fetching and writing of data;

Arithmetic Logic Unit/ ALU; Executes mathematical instructions;  Executes logical instructions; Compares values held in registers;

 Clock; Controls the number of instructions carried out each second;   allows the CPU to synchronize operations;

• Bus topology is characterised by common transmission media shared by all the connected nodes
• Star topology is characterised by a central switching node connected directly to each of the multiple nodes in the network

Advantages of Star topology over Bus topology

• Faster communication as compared to bus topology
• Independent line of connection allows freedom of removing or adding nodes

Disadvantages of Star topology over Bus topology

• Expensive as compared to the bus topology
• Long cable length

• It is an address to a resource on the internet

• Repeaters : amplify data signal thereby extending the physical coverage of a network. It can connect two LANs locally.
• Bridges: connect similar types of networks e.g a token ring to another token ring
• Routers: link networks of different types
• Gateway: allows computers in a network to connect regardless of their topology

The user is not allowed to access the source code so, they cannot tailor the software to their needs and  they cannot fix any bugs in it

The software is still covered by copyright

The user must get the owner’s permission to do anything beyond using it

Enrolment:
- Data input on line
- Individual records validated
- Speed mismatch implications
- Indexes updated immediately
Exam grades:
- Data input twice
- Off line
- Run as a batch
- At otherwise downtime

• data must be accurate/up-to-date
• personal data must be registered
• data must be used for the purpose that is registered for
• if data is to be used for another purpose the registrar must be notified/
• subject gives consent
• patients must be able to see the data and have it changed if it is incorrect
• processed fairly and lawfully
• kept no longer than needed
• kept secure
• not transferred to other countries without protection

Physical topology - the physical arrangement of nodes of a computer network

Examples

• bus topology
• ring topology
• mesh topology
• star topology

Logical topology- the way data flows in a network

Examples

• Ethernet
• Ring

– faster communications now widely available
– safety reasons, e.g. increase in terrorist attacks on international flights
– reduced transportation/accommodation/hardware costs
– environmental issues, e.g. reduced carbon footprint
– increase in multinational working

A computer virus is a program designed to damage other programs or causes irregular behaviour in a computer system.

DVD - optical media which use one spiral track; red lasers are used to read and write data on the media surface; makes use of dual-layering technology to increase the storage capacity

ROM - non-volatile memory chip; contents of the chip cannot be altered; it is often used to store the start-up routines in a computer (e.g. the BIOS)

SSD/ Solid State Drive/memory (SSD)

non-volatile memory device that uses NAND flash memories (which consist of millions of transistors wired in series on single circuit boards)

Blue Ray -  optical media that uses blue laser technology to read and write data on the media surface; it uses a single 1.1 mm polycarbonate disc

The Fetch – Execute cycle is a sequence of actions, performed by the processor as it fetches
a program instruction from its memory, determines what the instruction wants to do and
carries out those actions. The stages of the cycle are provided below.

• Fetch the instruction – the processor fetches the instruction from a memory address stored in a program counter and transfers the instruction, via a data bus, to an instruction register. At the end of the fetch operation, the counter points to the next instruction that will be read in the next cycle.
• Decode the instruction – the processor decodes the instruction stored in the instruction register, including getting any operands required to complete the instruction.
• Execute the instruction – the decoded instruction is executed.
• Store the result – the result generated by the execute phase is stored in the main memory, and/or sent to an output device. The program counter is updated with feedback from the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), to a different address from which the next instruction will be fetched.

 Data

Instructions

• consists of values between 0–255 / 0–FFF
• values are separated by full stops/colons
• it is a unique address
• can be static or dynamic
• can be public or private
• can be IPv4 / have four groups of digits
• can be IPv6 / have eight groups of digits
• in IPv6: can replace groups of zeros.

• High-level languages have built-in functions;
• High-level languages have built-in libraries;
•  High-level languages have more support/help;
• High-level languages have structures (such as selection and iteration);
• High-level languages can be less machine-dependent/more portable;
• It (usually) requires fewer lines of code to be written;
• It is (usually) quicker to develop code in high-level languages;
• It is easier to find mistakes in code;
• The code is easier to maintain//understand;
• • It is easier to structure code in high-level languages;