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KCSE 2024 CRE PAPER 1

313/1 MS

1. (a) Why the Bible is referred to as the word of God.

(i) Part of the Bible was written by God Himself.

(ii) The Bible contains God's spoken words/messages/God speaks/communicates to human beings through the Bible.

(iii) It reveals God's actions.

(iv) The Bible outlines God's plans of salvation fulfilled through Jesus Christ.

(v) It shows God's desire for human beings/God's will.

(vi) The authors of the Bible were under the influence/inspired by the Holy Spirit.

(vii) Through the Bible God's character/attributes/nature is revealed.

(viii) The Bible is a source of moral values/it transforms the lives of people/God guides people in their daily lives through the Bible.

(ix) It remains relevant for all generations/Prophecies/promises made in the Bible have/are being fulfilled.

(b) Similarities between traditional African view of evil and the Biblical concept of sin.

(i) In both, God is considered as supreme being/powerful/He is the creator/God is good

(ii) In both, sin/evil is a result of human disobedience/greed/selfishness.

(iii) In both, sin/evil interferes with smooth running of the community.

(iv) In both it leads to alienation of human beings/destroys the good relationship between God and human beings/creates conflicts.

(v) In both cases, suffering to human beings is a result of sin.

(vi) Sin leads to punishment/destruction/natural calamities in both/leads to death.

(vii) In both, God is the guardian of morality/law/order/not the author of sin/evil/God is good.

(viii) In both sin/evil is forgiven/there is reconciliation/remedy.

(c) Ways through which Christians win back those who have turned away from God.

(i) Christians pray for/with them.

(ii) They visit/fellowship with them/encourage them.

(iii) They offer guidance and counselling/advise them.

(iv) They teach/preach the word of God to them.

(v) They give them emotional/financial/material support.

(vi) They accept them back to church/forgive them/invite them back to church.

(vii) They give them responsibilities/duties/roles to play in church.

(viii) They lead exemplary lives/are role models.

(ix) By encouraging him / her to confess / repent / seek for forgiveness

2. (a) How the Israelites broke the covenant they had made with God at Mount Sinai (Exodus 32:1-35)

(i) Moses went up the mountain to seek God's guidance/instructions.

(ii) Aaron had been left in charge of the people.

(iii) Moses delayed to return/the people became impatient/restless.

(iv) They asked Aaron to make them a god that would lead them.

(v) The people did not know what had happened to Moses.

(vi) Aaron accepted their demand/made a golden calf to worship/built an altar at the foot of the mountain/put the calf.

(vii) They worshipped/made sacrifice to it.

(viii) God was annoyed/set to destroy the Israelites.

(ix) Moses interceded on behalf of the Israelites

(xi) Moses burnt the golden calf/grounded it to powder/scattered it upon the water.

(xii) The Israelites were given a chance to choose between Yahweh and the golden calf.

(xiii) Those who followed the golden calf were destroyed/killed

(b) The conditions that God gave to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant.

(i) They were to obey what God commanded them to do.

(ii) Not to enter/make any treaty with foreign nations.

(iii) To destroy all idols/high places of worship/altars.

(iv) To observe Jewish religious festivals/keep the feast of unleavened bread.

(v) To offer their first harvest to the temple.

vi) Not to intermarry with foreign nations.

(vii) To observe the Sabbath/rest on the Sabbath day.

(viii) To dedicate their firstborn males to God/first born domestic animals to God.

(ix) Not to worship any other gods.

c) The Lessons Christians learn from the incident in which the Israelites broke the covenant at Mount Sinai.

(i) Christians acknowledge that God is more powerful than other gods/idols.

(ii) Christians should be patient.

(iii) Christians should be merciful to others.

(iv) Leaders should take their roles seriously/be responsible.

((v) Christians learn that disobedience can result into suffering/punishment.

(vi) They learn that they should worship God alone.

(vii) They should condemn evil.

(viii) They should exercise self-control.

(ix) Christians should repent/ask for forgiveness.

(x) They should intercede for others.

3. (a) Mount Carmel contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18:17-46)

(i) Prophet Elijah asked King Ahab to assemble all the people of Israel at Mount Carmel.

(ii) The king summoned all the people of Israel including the prophets of Baal to Mount Carmel.

(iii) Elijah told the people to choose between worshipping God and Baal.

(iv) He suggested to the people that two 1 bulls be brought, one for him and another for Baal’s prophets.

(v) Each party was to offer a sacrifice to their God and the party whose God would send fire to burn the sacrifice would be considered the true God.

(vi) The Baal prophets offered a sacrifice of their bull, began to pray but nothing happened.

(vii) Elijah mocked them / asked them to pray louder to their God.

(viii) They prayed, cut themselves with knives until blood oozed out of their bodies but Baal did not answer them.

(ix) When his turn came, Elijah repaired the altar of God using twelve stones.

(x) He placed the sacrifice on the altar and asked people to pour water on it.

(xi) He prayed to God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and fire came from heaven and consumed the sacrifice/wood/stones/water/dust around it.

(xii) People threw themselves to the ground and worshipped the lord as the true God.

(xiii) Elijah killed all the prophets of Baal.

b) Qualities of God revealed during the contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal at Mount Carmel.

(i) God is powerful/He controls the forces of nature/Omnipotent/Mighty

(ii) He is merciful.

(iii) God is a jealous God.

(iv) He is a just God/punishes evil.

(v) He answers prayers.

(vi) He is a true God.

(vii) God is omnipresent.

(viii) He is transcedent /mysterious

(c) Obstacles that Christians face while trying to fight corruption in Kenya today.

(i) Political interference.

(ii) Lack of strong mechanism/weak systems to fight corruption.

(iii) Lack of support from the community/sometimes the government.

(iv) Some people have embraced corruption as a culture / they are used to shortcuts.

(v) Some Christians face the threats from the corrupt individuals.

(vi) Some people practice corruption because of lack of information/do not know they are ignorant.

(vii) Poverty/affluence in the society.

(viii) Erosion of moral values/permissiveness in the society.

(ix) Lack of role models/Lack of exemplary leaders in the society.

4 (a) The importance of prophets in the Old testament and traditional African communities.

(i) In both the prophets foretold/predicted future events/warned people of impending danger.

(ii) In both they acted as the conscience of the kings/advised political leaders.

(iii) In both they communicated/relayed God's message to the people.

(iv) In both they participated in political activities/roles.

(v) In both they acted as religious leaders/priests.

(vi) In both the prophets condemned evils in the society.

(vii) In both they were involved in mediations/resolved conflicts in the society.

(viii) In both prophets acted as consultants during crisis/calamities.

(b) Religious background to the call of Amos to become a prophet of God in Israel.

(i) The people of Israel continued to worship Yahweh.

(ii) Bethel, Gilgal and Samaria were the main centers of worship.

(iii) There was hypocrisy in religion.

(iv) Religious rites/sacrifices were performed at places of worship in the name of Yahweh.

(v) They were also involved in idolatry/worshipped idols in Sakkuth and Kaiwan/practiced temple prostitution.

(vi) The people practiced syncretism.

(vii) They placed a lot of importance on external observance of religious rites at the places of worship. (viii) There was preference of false prophets/priests who were loyal to the king.

c) Ways through which Christians are helping to fight the oppression of the poor in Kenya today.

(i) They advocate for equitable distribution of resources.

(ii) They give financial/material support to the needy/poor.

(iii) They initiate income generating activities to support them.

(iv) They create jobs/offer employment to them.

(v) They equip them with the necessary life skills needed to navigate life.

(vi) They condemn those who oppress the poor/preach against it.

(vii) They offer guidance and counselling to the oppressed/give solutions to improve their status.

viii) They participate in making just laws that curbs the oppression of the poor.

(ix) They pray for justice to prevail.

(x) They create awareness/educate public on social justice/civic education.

(xi) They report cases of oppression to the relevant authorities.

5. (a) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the Temple Sermon.

(i) False belief about the temple - The people trusted that the temple was secure from any harm because it was Holy/God's dwelling place. Jeremiah warned them that God could destroy the temple as he destroyed the shrine at Shiloh.

(ii) Hypocrisy - Jeremiah condemned the hypocrisy of the temple worshippers. They refused to obey God's instructions/failed to repent.

(iii) Defilement of the temple - The people of Jerusalem had placed idols in the Temple. Jeremiah accused them of blasphemy for failing to honor God.

(iv) Idolatry - The people of Judah sacrificed their children to Baal and Molech at the valley Hinnom. This was murder/was against God's commandments.

(v) Oppression of the poor - The people of Judah broke the law of brotherhood/oppressed widows/the poor.

(vi) Dishonesty - The people of Judah were deceitful/bore false witness against each other.

(vii) Rebellion/ignoring of prophets - They had become rebellious to the prophets.

(b) Differences between Sinai covenant and the New covenant foretold by prophet Jeremiah.

(i) In the New covenant, God's law would be written in people's hearts while in the Old Testament it was written on stone tablet.

(ii) In the New covenant, there was personal knowledge of God while in the Sinai covenant the teachers of law/prophets had to teach people to know the lord.

(iii) In the New covenant sin would be forgotten and forgiven whereas in the Old Testament sin was forgiven but remembered over generations.

(iv) In the New covenant there would be individual responsibility for one's action whereas in the old covenant there was communal responsibility of sin.

(v) The New covenant would be everlasting while the old covenant would be broken.

(vi) The new covenant is universal while the old covenant was for the Israelites.

(c) Factors that are making some Christians not to uphold covenant way of life.

(i) Materialism/greed for wealth.

(ii) Interference from other religions/cults/sects.

(iii) Permissiveness in the society/moral decadence.

(iv) Sexual immorality.

(v) Busy schedules/lack of time to commit to God/family commitment.

(vi) Alcohol and substance abuse.

(vii) Peer pressure/fear of rejection by friends.

(viii) Modern science and technology.

ix) Poverty/unemployment

x) Affluence / too much wealth

6. (a) The roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.

(i) They act as intermediaries between human beings and God.

(ii) They welcome those who die to the spirit world.

(iii) They are the custodians of customs/culture of the community.

(iv) They bless the living.

(v) They punish those who deviate from the norms of the community.

(vi) They warn/rebuke errant members in the community.

(vii) They protect members of the family/community against all forms of danger/evil.

(viii) They give a sense of identity to the community.

(ix) They provide names to the newborns of the family.

(x) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.

(b) Factors that contribute to harmony and mutual responsibility in traditional African communities

(i) Kinship ties.

(ii) Communal ownership of land.

(iii) Observance of taboos/customs.

(iv) Religious beliefs/practices.

(v) Common ancestral origin.

(vi) Political organizations.

(vii) Rites of passage.

(viii) Division of labour/communal work.

(ix) Sharing of resources.

(x) Informal education.

(xi) Marriage.

(xii) Leisure activities.

(c) Aspects of African culture in a place of worship.

(i) Some Christians dress in African attire during worship.

(ii) The church has adopted/use of African names of God during worship.

(iii) They use African language during singing/preaching/praying.

(iv) Traditional music instruments are used in church worship.

(v) African way of expression has been accepted in the church/clapping/chanting/ululations.

(vi) Church members bring farm produce/animals as offerings/tithes.

(vii) African rhythms/melodies/dancing styles are used during worship.

(viii) Responding to prayers in unison/spontaneous prayers.