This is HOCHA Joint and is an excellent predictor of KCSE 2025 History and Govenment Paper 2. Revision of joint exams has proven to be one of the best ways you can use to prepare adequately for KCSE Exams. This History Paper 2 incorporates questions and answers. The good thing with these questions and answer format is that the answers are crystal clear and to the point thus saves time and one can cover alot within a short period of time
SECTION A(25MARKS)
Mention two periods in history and government (2 marks)
i. Pre-history
ii. History
State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings (1mark)
i. Evolution theory
Who invented Seed drill?
i. Jethro Tull
Identify two types of trade (2 marks)
i. Local trade
ii. Regional trade
iii. International trade
Name two vessels used in early water transport (2 marks)
i. Rafts/Logs
ii. Sailing boats
iii. Dug-out canoes
iv. Sailing ships
v. Oar driven boats
Identify two forms of telecommunication used today (2 marks)
i. Cellphones/mobile phones/smartphones
ii. Radio
iii. Television
iv. The telephone
v. Email/Electric Mail
vi. Page
vii. Internet
viii. The telegraph
ix. Facsimile Trans-Receiver (Fax)
Give the main use of steam power in industries during industrial revolution in Britain (1mark)
i. To drive machines
Identify two social problems faced by London as an early urban centre (2 marks)
i. Poverty
ii. Overcrowding in the city
iii. Poor housing / slums
iv. The crimes levels are high
v. Air pollution from Industries
vi. Unemployment
State the main role of Golden Stool in the Asante Kingdom (1 mark)
i. It unified the kingdom / it was a symbol of unity
Give two limitations of Samori Toure's second empire during the Madinka resistance (2 marks)
i. Samori was cut off from his rich Bure Gold mines
ii. Samori was cut off from Freetown where he used to obtain firearms
iii. The southern border of the empire was open to French attacks
iv. Samori was surrounded by enemies from all sides
v. Samori found himself at war with communities he had attacked during expansion of his empire
State two benefits enjoyed by assimilated Africans in Senegal (2 marks)
i. They were allowed to send representatives to the French parliament /chamber of deputies
ii. They were allowed to vote during elections
iii. They were given western education
iv. They exempted from forced labour
v. They enjoyed trading rights / trading license
vi. They subjected to French judicial system
vii. They were employed in the French civil service
viii. They were allowed to move freely within French empire / citizenship
Give the main reason for the rise of Nationalism in Ghana
i. Loss of independence
What was the immediate cause of the First World War (1marks
i. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife / Assassination in Sarajevo
Identify the main event that led to the end of the second world war (1mark)
i. Dropping of atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima
Name one financial institution established by the United Nations (1 marks)
i. The World Bank
ii. International Monetary Fund
Outline two economic ways in which countries relate internationally (2marks)
i. Trading with other countries
ii. Giving loans to other countries
iii. Investment in foreign countries
iv. Giving debt relief to other countries
v. Offering grants/Aid to other countries
Give one function of the Assembly of the League of Nations (2marks)
i. Admitting new members
ii. Appointing judges of the permanent court of the International Justice
iii. Approving the appointment of the secretary general
SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
Give five methods used by the elders to pass information to the young generation in history and government in the traditional African communities (5marks)
i. Riddles
ii. Myths
iii. Songs
iv. Tongue twisters
v. Proverbs proverbs
vi. Legends
vii. Folktales/stories/ Narratives
viii. Poems
Describe the way of life human beings during the late stone age period [10marks]
i. Man-made microlith tools which he used to cut meat/skin animals
ii. Man lived in villages which were secure
iii. Man developed speech which he used to communicate.
iv. Man developed government so as to maintain law and order
v. Man developed religion through burying the dead
vi. Man-made paintings/rock art to make good use of his leisure time
vii. Man decorated his body with red ochre
viii. Man wore a variety of clothes
ix. Man domesticated animals such as dog for security.
x. Man carried out farming activities to have reliable source of food
xi. Man adopted a sedentary lifestyle which enabled him to concentrate on other economic activities
Identify five ways in which early man used stone tools (5marks)
i. For hunting
ii. Used for digging roots
iii. For sharpening weapons
iv. For skinning animals
v. For scrapping animals
vi. For cutting meat
vii. For grinding
viii. For defending himself / protection
Explain five factors that led to agrarian revolution in Britain (10marks)
i. There were abolition of fallows to increase land for agriculture
ii. High demand for food by the rapidly growing urban population
iii. Land enclosure system was introduced to pave way for plantation farming
iv. Land consolidation was introduced to create room for plantation farming
v. The discovery of the use of chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility
vi. Development of new breads of crops and animals / Selective breeding was introduced to improve quality breeds of animals
vii. The discovery of use of machines to increase crop production
viii. The discovery of the use of pesticides and fungicides facilitated control of crop animal disease
ix. Intercropping was introduced to retain soil fertility
x. Crop rotation was introduced to improve soil fertility
xi. The development of industries which led to increase demand for agricultural produces as raw materials
State five disadvantages of barter trade (5 marks)
i. Some items of trade were bulky to transport
ii. Sometimes traders lacked a double coincidence of wants
iii. It was difficult to determine the actual value of certain goods
iv. Perishable goods could go bad before they were sold
v. Some goods were indivisible
vi. Lack of a common language prolonged transaction
Describe five factors that promoted industrialization in Brazil (10marks)
i. Brazil enjoys relative political stability / peace / strong leadership for a long period which has favoured industrial activities.
ii. Brazil has enough capital generated through trade / foreign aid which has been invested in industries
iii. Availability of raw materials from mineral resources to be manufactured in the industries
iv. Availability of various sources of energy such as coal and Hydro-electric power provided needed industrial power in industries
v. Availability of labour both skilled and semi-skilled needed for industrial activities
vi. Availability of market for the manufactured products within the British
empire External market
vii. Presence of well-developed transport network which facilitated faster transportation of raw materials and finished products
viii. Existence of rich merchants who are willing to Invest in Industries.
ix. Favourable government policy has encouraged both local and foreign investors
x. Brazil has well developed banking institution which offers credit facilities to the establishment of industries
Identify five methods used by Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa (5marks)
i. Military force / conquest / expedition
ii. Use of treachery / hiring
iii. Divide and rule tactics
iv. Signing of treaties
v. Company rule
Explain five challenges faced by African nationalist in their struggle for majority rule in South Africa (10marks)
i. Nationalists were not united creating tension among themselves
ii. African political parties were banned denying them right to associate
iii. Some were arrested / detained which demoralized them
iv. Inadequate funds made it difficult for them undertake their activities effectively
v. They were not allowed to have free press / media denying them right to have information
vi. Some Nationalists were forced into exile making them detached from their members
vii. Some nationalist were killed hence demoralized members
viii. They lacked advanced weapons thereby making their armed struggle less effective
ix. Their communities were divided along ethnic lines / creation of Bantustans hampered their united front
x. The pass laws were introduced to restricted their movements
SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
Identify three officials who assisted the Mwene Mutapa to administer the Shona Kingdom world (3marks)
i. Queen mother
ii. His sister
iii. Head drummer
iv. Head cook
v. Head gatekeeper
vi. His nine principal wives
vii. The chancellor
viii. The court steward
Explain six reasons for the failure of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria (12marks)
i. Southern Nigeria lacked centralized system of governments necessary for indirect rule
ii. The warrant chiefs misuse their power hence became unpopular among their people
iii. Introduction of new policies such as taxation and forced labour created a resentment among the locals
iv. The British officials failed to understand the socio-economic and political systems of Southern Nigeria
v. Opposition from the educated elites who felt left out in the administration made it difficult to work
vi. Communication barriers between the British officials and local people often led to misunderstandings
vii. Use of excessive force to suppress resistance caused resentment among the people
viii. The South had many ethnic groups hence lack of homogeneity necessary for indirect rule
Identify three countries that formed the Triple Alliance (3 marks)
i. Germany
ii. Italy
iii. Austria-Hungary
Explain six results of the second world war (12marks)
i. It led massive loss of human life
ii. There was destruction of property of great economic value
iii. Led to displacement of people thereby creating refugees
iv. Led to economic decline as huge sums of money was used in the war
v. Led to food shortage as the war distracted agricultural activities
vi. It led to insecurity / fear among the people
vii. It led to emergence of USA and USSR as superpowers with different ideologies
viii. Led to formation of the United Nations Organization to replace the League of Nation which failed to maintained world peace
ix. It led to rise of nationalism in Asia and Africa following the return of ex-soldiers who organized nationalist activities
x. It led to spread of dangerous diseases such as tuberculosis and STDs
xi. It led to creation of new states such as the state of Israel
xii. Led to advancement of surgery and pharmaceutical manufacture
xiii. Led to advancement in military technology leading to production of advanced military hardware
xiv. It caused the fall of dictators in Europe like Hitler of Germany
xv. Led to partition of Germany into west and East thereby creating capitalist and communist Germany
xvi. Led to establishment of communist regime in Eastern Europe like Hungary and Czechoslovakia
xvii. Led to increased dependency of European powers on their colonies for raw materials for their reconstruction programmes
xviii. It changed the status of women as they were now recognized as able decision makers
Identify three roles played by USA in ending the First World War (3marks)
i. USA provided modern military equipment to the allied forces
ii. She gave financial support to the allied forces
iii. She provided military personnel to the allied powers
iv. USA blockaded the Panama Canal against the central powers
Discuss six Challenges faced by United Nations in its efforts to main world peace (12marks)
i. Increase in terrorism activities has caused tension among member countries
ii. Frequent border disputes make the work of the United Nations difficult
iii. Ideological differences which have heightened suspicion among member states
iv. Personality differences among leaders make it difficult organized meetings
v. It lacks a standing army/military as it relies on the goodwill of the members
vi. National interest of individual member states are given more prominence than those of the United Nations
vii. Inadequate funds hampers its operations as some member states fails to
remit their contribution
viii. Use of VETO power has made it difficult to implement certain decisions
ix. Divided loyalty due to membership to other organizations
x. Civil war in some member states undermines the operations of the United Nation