A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character

1. a) Based on Deutro-Isaiah, describe the Messiah. (7mks)

The Messiah would be despised/ rejected

The Messiah would be treated harshly/ arrested/sentenced to death

The Messiah would be reconciling people through His suffering

The death of the Messiah would bring forgiveness of sins of humankind

The Messiah would endure suffering/humiliation without complaining/ would suffer innocently

The Messiah would have nothing attractive

The Messiah would be humble/simple

The Messiah would be highly honored

The Messiah would succeed in His work

He would be despised, rejected, wounded oppressed and afflicted 

He endured pain and suffering which would have been ours. 

Because of our sins he was wounded 

We are healed by the punishment he suffered He was treated harshly but he never said a word 

He was put in the grave with the wicked 

He was buried with the rich even though he did not commit a crime 

He took the place of many sinners and prayed that they might be forgiven.

Physical topology - the physical arrangement of nodes of a computer network

Examples

• bus topology
• ring topology
• mesh topology
• star topology

Logical topology- the way data flows in a network

Examples

• Ethernet
• Ring

• Simple technology is needed to develop both hardware and software.
• Digital devices are more reliable, small in size and use less power as compared to analog devices.
• Devices that read, process or output data in digital form are used in computers and other digital devices such as calculators.

- (provides) user interface
– input/output control
– security
– handling interrupts
– spooling
– memory management
– processor management
– utilities (e.g. copy, save, delete, re-name, etc.)
– maintain user accounts
– load/run software
– error reporting/handling
– multiprogramming
– batch processing (JCL)/real time processing
– multitasking/multiuser/multi-access
– file management

Shielded twisted pair cable:
A twisted pair cable is made up of four pairs of twisted copper wires, a shielded twisted pair cable applies a shield to each one of the pairs on a cable or to all of the pairs together. This shield can reduce EMI (electromagnetic interference), which would be emitted from heavy machinery. This increased data transmission quality in the workshop. STP can also reduce crosstalk.

ROM stores BIOS / bootstrap / start-up 

RAM stores currently executing programs and data

• Computer viruses
• Unstable power supply
• Hard disk crash
• Theft of data/programs

• Optical scanner is used read data by use a beam of light while a magnetic ink scanner is used to read data encoded/written using magnetic ink by magnetising the ink characters and translating them

• camera
• microwave
• washing machine
• video recorder
• fridge
• sewing machine
• air conditioning
• games console
• electronic game electronic toys
• rice cooker
• dish washer
• TV
• alarm clock
• radio

A file is a collection of related data given a unique name while a folder is named storage location on a storage media that contains related files

IMAP

• Retrieves/accesses/downloads (a copy of an) e-mail
• Allows synchronisation/management of account

SMTP:

• Sends/forwards/transmits e-mai

• Sequential processing occurs in the order that the tasks are received while distributed processing where more than one computer or CPU is used to run specific programs.

• Encrypt network traffic
• Use of Firewall(s)
•  Anti-virus software
• Password protect the database

Benefits

• The user is not restricted to the predetermined options//the GUI uses icons and set menus
• The user has more control over the computer settings//in GUI computer settings are protected from the user
• Uses less memory than GUI
• Requires less processing power for the interface
• More processing power is made available for the task

Drawbacks

• The commands used have to be learnt
• The commands used have to be remembered
• The commands used have to be typed in/entered exactly
• Have to remember the exact path/correct name of application
• More prone to errors on data entry Commands have to be typed in//in a GUI can use touchscreens/mice
• Tends to be used by specialist people//GUI is more user-friendly and can be used by non-experts

• Extra bit on each data-byte that
•  Does not transmit data
• Makes the number of ones in a byte always even or always odd
• Error in the transmission of a bit will make the even/odd wrong
• The problem of two errors in one byte not being found
• Parity block

A computer system refers to computer components that collectively function as a single unit to achieve the desired goal. It can also be defined as a collection of hardware, software, and liveware that work together to receive, process, and manage data

• Financial accounting
• Prediction and forecasting
• Inventory keeping
• Budgeting
• Keeping records

The following are some of the possible definitions:

It is system software designed to help the users to analyse, configure, optimize, or maintain a computer

System software that helps maintain the proper and smooth functioning of a computer system

Examples include antivirus software, Disk clean-up tools, disk defragmenters, backup software, etc

Data and instructions are fetched from main memory, from addresses requested by the CPU on the address bus. (Data and instructions are sent) using the data bus. (Data and instructions are then) decoded and executed in the CPU.
Results of operations are sent back to the memory on the data bus