1. Four differences between dromedary and bactrian
Dromedary: One hump, Smaller, Less far fur, Found in the tropic
Bactrian: Two humps, Larger, More far fur, Temperate areas
2. Four signs of broodiness
Continuously stay in laying nest.
Produces characteristics noise when disturbed/predmet crackling sound.
Hen pluck off some feathers. Hen stops laying. Making the nest/nesting. Becomes aggressive
3. Four ways of controlling predators in fish pond.
Trapping. Fencing. Use of net/covering the pond with net.
Poisoning.
Use of scarecrow.
Cleaning bush around the fish pond
4. Four reasons why bees swarm.
Shortage of food-and-water.
High temperatureloverheating Infestation/presence of parasitex Outbreak of disease and-parasite.
Lack of adequate ventilation/high-temperature.
Dampness and-bad-smell.
Band smell Sick or infertile / death of queen.
Overcrowding.
Damaged mood.
combs Disturbance.
Shortage of water
5. Four reasons for creep area.
Provide warmth. Protect highest from being crushed by mother. Provide creep feed. Prevent mother from feeding on creep food.
6. Four reasons for providing green vegetable leaves in deep litter:
Opportunity for birds to exercise.
Enhance the yellow pigmentation of egg yolk.
Keeps the birds busy/Ave. A vices/cannibalism/egg eating to pecking
Provide vitamins and minerals.
Supplement feeding of birds.
7. Signs of heat in rabbits
Restlessness.
Swollen vulva.
Rubs against the wall and feed contains.
Throws itself on its sides.
Bonds the tail over the back when mounted.
Contracting osher salontslag reeping
8. Four maintenance practices of barbed wire fence.
Tighten loose wire.
Plice broken wire joining broken wires
Firm loose post.
Replace broken post and droppers.
Replace worn outpoints
9. Four tick borne diseases of cattle.
East coast fever/Theilenosis
Anaplasmosis/afolls.zoness
Heart water/Babesia.
Red water/Babesia/Babesiasis
Texas fever disente
10. Four reasons for feeding colostrum to a calf.
It is highly digestible.
It is highly nutritious and contains vitamins for growth and disease resistance.
Has antibodies that enable the calf to resist diseases.
Cleaning the bowels of the calf//xe effect.
It is highly palatable.
11. Four ways of generating power on the farm.
Hydro-electric.Power.
Wind power.
Solar power.
Animal power.
Tractor engine/nerator
Electricity.
Biogas.
12. Four physical characteristics of merino sheep.
Small body and angular in shape.
Drooping rump.
Narrow chest.
Flesh coloured muzzle.
White wool, hooves and horns.
13. Signs of mastitis detected by a strip cup.
Pus in milk.
Blood clots in milk/blood in milk.
Milk clot.
Watery milk.
14. Four advantages of a two stroke engine.
They are not expensive to buy and maintain.
They are economical in fuel consumption.
Are used in a wide range of farming activities including hilly areas.
Can do small tasks within the farm.
15. Rotary mower (Gyro-mower)
Reciprocating mower.
16. (a) Identification of the parasite.
Tick
(b) Three harmful effects of the parasite on livestock product.
Lower the value of hide.
Lower milk produce.
Loss of body weight.
Loss weight gain.
(c) Effective method of controlling the parasite.
Dipping.
Spraying with acaricides.
Applying pyre grease.
17. (a) Identification of the livestock
Cattle/sheep/goat/Ruminant
(b) Function of
E
Acts as temporary store of food. Food is fermented, condition necessary for microbial digestion. Absorption of ammonia gas and volatile fatty acids. Synthesis of vitamin B complex
F
Enzymatic digestion of protein.
(c) Structural difference.
E
It has comb like structure to sieve and separate fine from coarse food material.
F
Has many suspended parallel rough-surfaced leaves that lie on top of each other like pages of a book.
18. (a) Identify poultry rearing system.
Deep litter
(b) (i) Two likely causes of the stress.
Overcrowding. Inadequate feeders and-waterers. Mixing birds of different ages. Cannibalism.
(ii) Two ways of controlling the stress.
Rear birds according to age. Provide sufficient feeders and-waterers. Throw grains into the litter. Remove some chicken to overcome overcrowding. Provide sufficient waterers.
19. (a) Identification of the equipment.
J-Hypodermic needle and syringe
K-Troche and cannula
(b) One function of J-Administering injections
(c) Condition that require use of K. Bloat
(d) One maintenance on K.
Cleaning after use
Sterilising before use
20. (a)
Maize 10% x 1000 = 666.7kg
Fish meal 40% x 1000 = 333.3kg
(b) Five control measures of intermediate host of liver-fluke.
Physically killing snails.
Adding chemicals to stagnant water to kill the snails.
Draining swampy areas.
Burning of infested pasture during the dry decision.
Not grazing animals near marshy areas.
(i) Causal organism
Virus (Indovirus)
(ii) Symptoms of attack
Rise in temperature.
Loss of appetite.
General weakness.
Coughing.
Nasal discharge.
Diarrhoea.
(iii) Control Measures
Vaccination.
Killing and disposing affected animals.
Prevent consumption of pig products from affected area/pandemic area.
Double fencing to keep wild animals away.
21. (a) Clean milk production essentials.
Clean milking shed - free from dust and odours by locating it far from roads, piggeries etc.
Healthy milking herd, animals should be tested regularly for milk borne diseases and treated accordingly.
Clean milking herd-flanks and udder should be washed and dried using towel.
Long hair on the flanks and udder should be clipped off regularly to avoid milk contamination.
Healthy milk man-milk man should be free from diseases.
Clean milk man-milk man should be clean and with short finger nails and hair. Hair/s should also be covered not to fall into milk.
Clean milking utensils should be seamless and with fitted joints to facilitate cleaning/wash with clean hot soapy water, rinse and sterilize.
Filtering milk-milk should be kept in cold-room to slow down bacteria multiplication.
Avoid flavours in milk, by avoiding feeds like Mexican marigold, onions etc. just before milking.
Proper storage to avoid contamination.
Refrigeration to slow down bacteria multiplication.
(b) Five advantages of embryo transplant.
Possible to implant embryo from high-quality female to less valuable female to improve performance of offspring.
Stimulate milk production in a female that is not ready to produce milk as milk production in a female.
Highly productive female characteristics can benefit many farmers.
It is easier to transport embryos in test tubes than whole animal.
Embryos can be stored for a long period awaiting availability of a recipient females.
(c) Ways of increasing digestibility in livestock nutrition
Use of feed additives.
Reducing the amount of lignin or cellulose in the feed material.
Cutting the feedstuff into smaller particles.
Increasing the ratio of energy (carbohydrate to protein).
Feeding the animals when they are hungry.
Feeding feedstuff species with high digestibility.
22. (a) Functions of five parts of a milking shed.
Milking stall - where cow is milked.
Feed store - storing feed.
Calf pens - where calf is reared/fed with milk immediately after milking/provide feed.
Milk recording room - fitted with weighing balance and record board.
Milk store - provide cooler/cooling condition.
Equipment store - store milking equipment.
(b) (i) Training of a calf to drink milk from a bucket.
Put clean milk in a clean bucket.
Place index finger into the calf's mouth.
As the calf start sucking lower the finger slowly until its submerged in milk.
Allow the calf to drink milk as it sucks the finger.
Slowly withdraw the fingers while calf is sucking.
Reap the process until calf learn to drink milk from a bucket.
(ii) Five advantages of artificial calf rearing.
Easy to keep accurate milk records.
Easy to regulate the amount of milk taken by a calf.
Cow continue to produce milk even in the absence of a calf.
Easy to maintain high standards of sanitation.
Likelihood of farmer to sell more milk.