HISTORY PP1

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A(25MARKS)

1. Identify two forms of government. (2mks)

1. Democratic government

2. Monarchial government

3. Aristocratic government

4. Dictatorial government 1X2=2mks

2. Name the first stage of evolution of man.(1mk)

Aegyptopithecus 1x1=1mk

3. What was the main economic activity of the Bantu in the precolonial period? (1mk)

1. Farming/crop cultivation 1X1-1MK

4. State one way in which the coastal communities interacted in the precolonial period. (1mk)

1. Through trade

2. Through intermarriages 1X1=1MK

5. Give one advantage of dual citizenship. (1mk)

1. One can live and work in two countries.

2. One can own properties in two countries. 1x1=1mk

6. Name the first missionary station to be built in Kenya. (1mk)

1. Rabai.

7. State two ways in which national integration has promoted economic development in Kenya.

1. It has enabled citizens to work/employed in any part of Kenya.

2. It has enabled free movement of goods/services within the country.

3. It has enabled citizens to invest /establish business in any part of the country.

4. It enabled people to buy property anywhere in the country 2x1=2mks

8. Identify the constitutional amendment that re-introduced multiparty democracy in Kenya in 1991.

1. Repealing of section 2A of the constitution. 1x1=1mk

9. Identify one minority group whose rights were protected by the Kenyan constitution at independence.

1. Europeans.

2. Asians.

10. Name one group of Luo who collaborated with the British in Kenya. (1mk)

1. Luo of gem

2. Luo of asembo 1X1=1MK

11. Name the engineer who build Kenya -Uganda railway. (1mk)

1. George Whitehouse 1X1=1MK

12. Sate two demands of the African Elected members Organization (AEMO) presented to the colonial secretary in 1957. (2 marks)

1. The increase of African elected members in the Legislative Council to14

2. They demanded for universal adult suffrage.

3. Registration of voters on a common role. 1x2=2mks

13. Give two contributions of Daniel Moi in education in Kenya. (2mks)

1. He introduced 8-4-4 system of education.

2. He introduced school milk/feeding program

3. He expanded primary and secondary schools

4. He increased public universities

5. He introduced cost sharing in education 2X1=2MKS

14. Outline two types of cases which are determined by the Kadhi’s courts in Kenya. (2 marks)

(i)Marriage cases (ii)Divorce cases

(iii)Personal status.

(iv) inheritance case 1x2=2mks

15. Give the recommendation of the Mackay commission of 1982. (1mk)

1. Recommended introduction of 8-4-4 system of education 1X1=1M

16. Identify two sources of Nyayo philosophy. (2mks)

1. Sessional paper no.10.

2. Bible

3. Moi long experience as a leader 1x2=2mks

17. Give two sources of revenue to county governments of kenya.

1. They impose property rates within their territories to enable them raise revenue for their operations.

2. They charge for the services they render to the residents of the counties in order to generate income.

3. They are allocated part of the national revenue in order to supliment their income.

4. By borrowing loans from the national government or international organizations to finance development projects.

5. They levy taxes on the services/goods generated in the county to finance their activities.

6. Through licences granted to businesses/services operating in the counties.

7. By charging fees on the use of the counties’ property.

8. By renting property/houses to people in order to raise funds for development.

9. Through grants eg from local and international sources. 1x2=2mks

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

18.(a) give three reasons for the migration of Luo from their original homeland into Kenya. 5mks

i.Due to drought/famine/natural calamities

ii.Due to spirit of adventure

iii.Due to population pressure

iv. Due to internal conflict/feuds

v. Due to outbreak of diseases/ epidemics

vi.They were searching for better fishing grounds

vii.Due to external attack

viii.Need for pasture/water for their livestock

Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)

(b). Describe the political organization of the somali in Kenya during the pre- colonial period. 10mks

i. they had decentralized system of government

ii. the family was the lowest political unit and its head was the father

iii. related family formed a clan

iv. each clan was autonomous/ independent of each other

v. the council of elders performed political roles like making major decisions, settling disputes and maintaining law and order

vi. the age set system existed and they performed specific political duties for a period of time

vii. they had an overall leader called sultan whose role was mainly advisor

viii. There existed warriors who protected the community and acquired wealth for them

ix.Several clans occasionally came together when there was major crisis affecting the entire society

x.With introduction of Islamic, the embraced Islamic sharia law

Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

19.a) State five reasons for the coming of Arabs to east African coast. (5mks)

1. To spread their religion Islam

2. To trade/control trade.

3. They come as religious and political refugees.

4. To establish settlement.

5. To explore/satisfy spirit of adventure. 5x1=5mks

b) Explain five challenges faced by Christian missionaries in east Africa. (10mks)

1. Hostility from African traditional believers.

2. Stiff competition from Islamic faithful’s.

3. Hash tropical climate with tropical diseases.

4. Theft of their basic supplies like food, medicine and clothes.

5. Attack by wild animals like lions.

6. Language barrier/lack of common language of communication.

7. Hostility from slave dealers/traders.

8. Poor transport and communication network.

9. Rivalry among different Christian groups.

10. The area was too vast for the few missionary personnel’s. 5x2=10mks

20. (a) Identify five results of Devonshire White Paper of 1923. (5 marks)

(i) Kenya was declared an African territory and the interests of Africans became paramount whenever there was racial conflict.

(ii) It stopped the settlers from declaring their self-independence from Britain.

(iii) The African problems more so that of land and labour were not resolved.

(iv) The Indians were disappointed as they were not allowed to settle in the white highlands and have political equality with the whites.

(v) The Africans were represented in the Legislative Council by a missionary called Dr. Arthur in 1924.

(vi) The Africans became more enlightened politically and they started forming political groups to address their grievances.

(vii) The Indians were bitter and even declined to take up their seats in the Legislative Council or in Municipal Councils.

(viii) The paper intensified rivalry between the settlers and the Indians.

Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)

(b) Explain five consequences of colonial land policies in Kenya. (10 marks)

(i) The Africans lost their land even in the reserves.

(ii) It ended widespread African migration and settlements.

(iii) Increased overuse of land for agriculture and livestock led to soil erosion as in Machakos and Taita.

(iv) It led to poverty among the Africans

(v) It created a class of landless people in the society.

(vi) The landlessness caused rural-urban migration

(vii) Forced labour was introduced to make Africans work for the Europeans.

(viii) Taxation was introduced to force Africans to provide labour.

(ix) The Kipande system was introduced by the colonialists.

(x) Shifting practices of some African communities were curtailed/.

(xi) Agricultural production in African areas declined.

(xii) The land question led to African nationalism in the country

Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

21. (a) Give five characteristics of early political organizations in Kenya. (5 marks)

(i) They were ethnic or tribal based

(ii) They were urban based

(iii) They were non militant

(iv) They were led by missionary educated Africans

(v) The demands mainly focused on the welfare of the people

(vi) They addressed specific grievances affecting the ethnic groups

(vii) They had limited membership

(viii) They were assisted by the Asians with material and legal support

Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)

(b) Explain five problems faced by trade union movements in Kenya during colonial period. (10 marks)

(i) Harassment by the colonial government

(ii) Lack of experienced leaders/poor leadership

(iii) Lack of adequate funds

(iv) Leadership wrangles

(v) Mass illiteracy

(vi) Poor transport and communication

(vii) Practice of ethnicity within the unions affected their operations

Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

22.a) Outline the composition of national assembly of Kenya. (3mks)

1. Two hundred and ninety elected members to represent the constituencies.

2. Forty-seven women to represent counties.

3. Twelve Nominated members.

4. Speaker as ex-officio member 3x1=3mks

b) Describe the stages involved in law making process in Kenya. (12mks)

1. The bill is drafted by attorney general.

2. 1^st reading-the bill is read in parliament for the first time and there is no discussion.

3. 2^nd reading-the bill is read for the second time and members debate and vote.

4. committee stage-committee is formed to discuss the outcome of 2^nd reading.

5. Reporting stage-the chairman of the committee reports to the house their findings.

6. 3^rd reading-bill read in parliament for the third time and members debate and vote though very few can be made.

7. Presidential assent-the president signs the bill hence it becomes law. 6x2=12mks

23.a) Name three national philosophies that have been applied in Kenya since independence. (3mks)

1. African socialism

2. Harambe philosophy.

3. Nyayo philosophy. 3x1=3mks

b) Explain six challenges facing health sector in Kenya since independence. (12mks)

1. Increased pandemic diseases such as HIV, corona etc.

2. High rate of accidents causing congestion in medical facilities.

3. Constant strikes by medical personnel.

4. Poor transport network.

5. Cultural practices such as FGM which leads to medical risks.

6. Environmental pollution which cause infections.

7. Inadequate funds to finance purchase of medical equipment's.

8. Corruption and mismanagement of funds meant for health sector.

9. Brain drain which leads to shortage of personnel.

10. Illegal abortions and early pregnancies causing medical emergencies. 6x2=12mks

11.  

24.(a) Identify three principles of Devolutio (3 marks)

(i) It is based on democratic principles.

(ii) It is founded on the doctrine of separation of powers.

(iii) Have a reliable source of revenue to enable it govern and deliver services effectively.

(iv) Ensure gender balance in their representative bodies.

Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)

(b) Explain six functions of County Government in Kenya. (12mks)

(i)Development of Agriculture in areas of crop and animal husbandry.

(ii)Development of fisheries through regulation of fishing and fishing activities and promotion of fish farming.

(iii) Provision of health services through construction of health facilities, provision of ambulance services and promotion of health care.

(iv) Regulation of cultural activities through promotion of theatre groups and licensing of betting casinos

(v) Promotion of public health through provision of refuse removal, solid waste removal and cemeteries.

(vi) Provision of recreation facilities like sports stadia, county parks and beaches, social halls and museums.

(vii) Development and management of County transport through construction of roads, ferries and harbours.

(viii) Regulation and development of trading activities through provision of trade licenses, markets and trade fairs.

(ix) Provision and management of pre-primary, vocational education like village polytechnics and child centers.

(x) Environmental management through air, water and noise pollution.

(xi) Regulating county planning and development through land survey and mapping, housing, electricity and energy regulation.

(xii) Regulation of county public works and services like water and sanitation services.

(xiii) Putting in place measurers to control drug usage and access to pornography in the county.

(xiv) Ensuring animal control and welfare e.g. licensing of dogs.

Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)