Utility Software

• Is an integration of sound, text, graphics, and video to convey information

• memory used up/slows down computer/alters setting/systems failure
• erases files/erases data/corrupts data/data needs restoring
• infects other computers on the network
• production loss/financial loss

• it generates and/or allocates an IP address

logging on

•  dial-up/communications software/ISPsoftware

finding websites

•  browser/search engine

IP spoofing

A technique used to gain unauthorised access to a computer whereby an intruder sends messages to that computer from a false IP address

Back door:
An undocumented method of gaining access to a program, online service or an entire computer system

• Refers to selecting a group of text eg word, sentence or even a paragraph in order to work with it as a whole

• The OS allocates CPU time to each process, and prioritises them in the order of importance

Advantages

• It is quicker to type commands
• Little memory needed
• Little processing power needed

Disadvantages

• Commands have to be typed precisely
• There is a large number of commands to be learnt
• It is not user friendly
• The user has to remember commands
• Users cannot transfer data between applications

A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character

State the functions of the following protocols

POP -Stands for post office protocol

• used to download emails from email servers

SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

• used to send emails to email servers and transfer emails between servers

FTP - Stands for the file transfer protoc

CLI

• Commands have to be typed in full with no mistakes
• Requires memorization of commands
• Uses less memory

GUI

• Due to graphics, GUI uses a lot of memory
• GUI is more user friendly
• Cannot operate properly if memory is low

Comparison

• Both carry out file management
• Both are operating systems
• Both control software and hardware

1. Ergonomic Chair: Ensure that each user has an ergonomic chair that provides proper lumbar support. The chair should be adjustable in terms of height and backrest angle.

2. Adjustable Desk: Provide adjustable desks or workstations that can accommodate different user heights and allow for proper positioning of the keyboard, mouse, and monitor.

3. Monitor Placement: Ensure that the computer monitors are positioned at eye level or slightly below to prevent users from straining their necks and shoulders. Consider using monitor stands or adjustable monitor arms for better positioning.

4. Keyboard and Mouse: Encourage the use of ergonomic keyboards and mice that are designed to minimize strain on the wrists and hands. Provide wrist rests if needed.

5. Proper Lighting: Ensure that the computer room is well-lit, with appropriate lighting levels to reduce eye strain. Avoid glare on the computer screens by using adjustable blinds or curtains.

6. Regular Breaks: Encourage users to take regular breaks from prolonged computer use. Suggest the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen at an object 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.

7. Stretching Exercises: Promote stretching exercises for the neck, shoulders, and back to help alleviate muscle tension and improve blood circulation. Display posters or provide resources on desk stretches and exercises.

8. Correct Posture: Educate users about proper sitting posture, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a neutral spine position. Provide visual aids or ergonomic training materials to demonstrate the correct posture.

9. Desk Organization: Encourage users to keep their workstations organized to minimize the need for reaching or straining. This includes keeping frequently used items within easy reach and arranging cables to prevent trip hazards.

10. Individual Assessments: If the backache issue persists, consider offering individual ergonomic assessments for users. A specialist can evaluate the user's workstation setup and suggest personalized recommendations.

ICT is used to create e-commerce platforms that have made business transactions easier and convenient by allowing customers make purchases and payments from anywhere at any time

ICT is used by marketing agents to create exciting multimedia presentations concerning products or services and present them to the target customers using presentation software such MS PowerPoint

Using multimedia, presentation and animation software, it is possible to design attractive advert materials and video clips to display on billboards, broadcast over a television or uploaded on the internet

• the pain felt in muscles, nerves and tendons caused by repetitive movement and overuse.
• Injury as a result of repetitive use of parts of the body while performing work
• Strains and injuries due to prolonged typing and use of the mouse

1. Availability in the market
2. Initial and maintenance cost
3. User friendliness
4. Compatibility
5. User needs

• It covers many aspects that will be used to decide whether to go ahead with the project or not.
• The main components are technical, operational, economic, legal and scheduling.

(i) State the name of this protocol.   HTTPS 

(ii) Identify how this protocol changes the data to transmit the data securely.

• It encrypts it
• It applies encryption algorithm
• It applies an encryption key