Advantages

• can cover large areas
• requires minimal land-based transmission support
• requires minimal infrastructure to provide internet access
• minimal impact on the environment or humans.

Disadvantages

• transmission speeds are not comparable with other forms of transmission
• data costs are expensive by comparison to other forms of transmission
• expensive to deliver.

• Developing training materials
• Training computer users
• Conducting ICT examinations
• Managing the learning and examination process
• Developing guidelines for using the computer lab
• Planning the course content
•  

There could be several possible causes for the issues Jane is experiencing with her computer keyboard, including:

1. Software Issues
   - Cause: Outdated or corrupt system files, drivers, or operating system.
   - Solution:
     - Ensure the operating system and drivers are up-to-date.
     - Run a system file checker to repair any corrupted system files (e.g., on Windows, run "sfc /scannow" from the Command Prompt).
     - Consider reinstalling the operating system if issues persist.

2. Hardware Issues:
   - Cause: Physical damage or malfunction in the keyboard hardware.
   - Solution:
     - Check for physical damage or debris under the keys and clean the keyboard if necessary.
     - If cleaning doesn't help, consider replacing the keyboard with a new one.

3. Resource Overload:
   - Cause: The computer may be running too many background processes or lacking sufficient hardware resources.
   - Solution:
     - Close unnecessary background applications and processes to free up system resources.
     - Consider upgrading the computer's RAM, CPU, or storage if it's outdated and unable to handle current software demands.
     - Use task manager or activity monitor to identify and terminate resource-intensive processes.

4. Malware or Viruses:
   - Cause: Malicious software can slow down a computer, cause hanging, and delay startup.
   - Solution:
     - Perform a full system scan using reputable antivirus or anti-malware software to remove any threats.
     - Ensure that the operating system's security patches are up-to-date.

5. Disk Fragmentation:
   - Cause: Fragmented files can slow down the loading of applications and overall system performance.
   - Solution:
     - Run a disk defragmentation tool (e.g., Windows' built-in tool) to optimize file storage on the hard drive.
     - Consider upgrading to a solid-state drive (SSD) for faster application loading times.

6. Insufficient Storage:
   - Cause: If the hard drive is nearly full, it can cause slow performance.
   - Solution:
     - Free up space by deleting unnecessary files and programs.
     - Consider upgrading to a larger capacity hard drive or SSD if storage space remains an issue.

7. Background Processes and Startup Items:
   - Cause: Too many unnecessary programs running in the background or starting up with the computer.
   - Solution:
     - Disable or remove unnecessary startup items and background processes to improve startup time.
     - Use the Task Manager or System Preferences (on macOS) to manage startup items.

It's important to diagnose the specific cause of the issues Jane is facing by troubleshooting each potential problem one by one. In some cases, a combination of these solutions may be necessary to fully resolve the problems with her computer keyboard.

Blagging

• This is where a victim is tricked/persuaded by a fraudster to give their details or payment information for a false reason/purpose;

Phishing

• This is where the victim receives and responds to communication that appears to be from a valid or known source but is in fact fraudulent. (It allows the fraudster to capture private information before the victim realises);

Shouldering

• This is where someone watches and records\remembers a victim entering their pin or security information such as passwords. (They can then use this information to gain access to a system)

• Main memory is transitory/temporary/volatile, secondary storage is (semi-)permanent
• The processor can only use data/instructions that are in the main memory
• Main memory is directly accessible to the processor, secondary storage is not directly accessible to the processor 

b) What Simeon and Anna said about the life of Jesus during the dedication. (7mks)

Jesus would save people

He would bring glory to Israel

He would be a light to the gentiles

He would be a universal savoir

He would bring judgment to the Israelites

Many people would oppose his work

He would reveal secret thoughts of people

He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem

Optical Mark Recognition; Optical Character Recognition; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition ; Optical Bar Recognition

Giving answers as readers is also acceptable, that is, Optical Character Readers, Magnetic Ink Character Readers; Optical Mark Readers

• College authorities are the experts in the problem
• A system Analyst is an expert with computers
• The two need to pool resources to come up with a clear definition
• Agree on the outcomes so that when the system is , there are a set of criteria to judge it by

• High-level languages have built-in functions;
• High-level languages have built-in libraries;
• High-level languages have more support/help;
• High-level languages have structures (such as selection and iteration);
• High-level languages can be less machine-dependent/more portable;
• It (usually) requires fewer lines of code to be written;
• It is (usually) quicker to develop code in high-level languages;
• It is easier to find mistakes in code;
• The code is easier to maintain//understand;
• It is easier to structure code in high-level languages;

(a) Like "*kenya*"

• Returns the records of all countries that contain the string "kenya"

(b) Like "*ina"

• Returns records for all countries/regions whose names end in "ina", such as China and Argentina.

(c) Like U*

• Returns records for all countries/regions whose names start with "U", such as UK, USA, and so on.

(d) Not Like U*

• Returns records for all countries/regions whose names start with a character other than "U".

(e) >= "Mexico"

• Returns records of all countries/regions, beginning with Mexico and continuing through the end of the alphabet.

(f) Like "[A-D]*"

• Returns records for countries/regions whose names start with the letters "A" through "D".

(g) "USA" Or "UK"

• Returns records for USA and UK.

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/examples-of-query-criteria-3197228c-8684-4552-ac03-aba746fb29d8

A variable is a memory location used to store a value

A record showing who has accessed a computer system and what operations he or she has performed during a given period of time

Syntax errors-Incorrect use of programming language

Logical errors- The program do not give the expected output

Runtime errors- Premature end of a program

Describe how the computer on board the aeroplane uses GPS to find its exact location

– satellites transmit signals to onboard computers
– computers receive/interpret these signals
– system depends on very accurate timing/use of atomic clocks
– each satellite transmits data indicating location and time
– computer in aeroplane calculates location based on at least three satellites
– at least 24 satellites in operation at any one time
– position accurate to within one metre
– can also calculate altitude of aeroplane
– ref to “triangulation”:

Give two benefits of using GPS in this application

– safer as the known location is exact/more accurate
– reduces the possibility of pilot error
– allows accurate estimation of arrival time
– display and guide the pilot to the nearest airport in case of emergency

• novice can use the system right away
• user-friendly/easy to select
• click on icons/picture to select
• easier to input/words are replaced with icons
• no need to know command language to use the system/remember
• command language
• selecting item using mouse is faster than entering commands
• avoids typing errors
• no need to type
• no need to remember commands
• no need know the different commands for the different software
• multitasking (several programs open at the same time therefore easier
• /faster to switch
• easier/faster switching between files, folders etc.

(a) byte

• fixed number of bits, 8 bits
• represents a character

(b) compiler  program

• converts/changes/translates high-level language into machine code/machine language/low-level language/object code
• changes each high-level language instruction into machine code instructions
• produces an independent program capable of being executed by itself
• all (syntax errors) listed
• converts the whole program before execution/in one go
• converts source code to object code

(c) handshaking

• exchanging of signals to establish communication between two devices/computers e.g. printer and computer, modem and computer

(d) technical documentation

• documentation to ensure that the system can be maintained/updated/altered/developed/upgraded
• trouble shooting/correcting errors/correcting faults
• explanation of what the program does/how the system works
• contains file structures
• algorithms/flow charts/pseudo code
• program listings
• hierarchical chart

(e) simulation

• studying the behavior of a system by using a model/represents real-life/mathematical representation
  e.g. flight simulator (or others), hazardous applications results can be predicted

• once instructions are given, the processing runs automatically hence requiring little supervision
• tasks are processed as a group hence reducing the cost
• It is faster since the since runs automatically
• there is increased output since the processor works without any interruption

Both translate source code written in high level programming languages into machine code.
Compiler: Produces a single executable file that is portable between machines
Interpreter: Source code needs a special environment to run
Compiler: Needs to be compiled for a particular architecture
Interpreter: Can run on any architecture that has the translator/interpreter
Complier: Entire source code file is translated at once
Interpreter: Code is translated line by line
Compiler: Provides error report at the end of the compilation
Interpreter: Errors more obvious in the sequence
Compiler: The program source code is not available (so helps protect IP)
Interpreter: Source code is available
Compiler: Only has to be translated once (affecting the speed of execution)
Interpreter: Has to be translated each time, therefore (affecting the speed of execution)
Compiler: Requires two files to be maintained (one for execution and for editing purposes)
Interpreter: Requires only one file to be maintained
 

• It prevents double-booking which could happen in paper-based booking system
• The customer gets immediate feedback on the availability of seats
• The customer can make  booking at any time of the day
• Emails provided by customers during booking can be used by companies for advertisement