– lightweight
– long battery life
– cool running processor
– touch pad
– internal webcam

• They are accepted as exhibits in cases of litigation
• Can be used without a computer
• they are difficult to change without leaving any trace

• the computer appears to “freeze”/”hang”
• computer won’t respond
• failure of hardware (stops computer normal functioning)
• failure of software (stops computer normal functioning)

• Passive matrix create images by scanning the entire screen whereas active matrix displays are made using thin-film transistors technology(TFT)
• active matrix  display has a higher resolution compared to passive matrix
• Active matrix consume more energy than passive matrix

Advantages

• A HDD can contain multiple platters (disks);
• A disk/disks that move/spin
• Each platter is divided into sectors;
• The disks are spun at a very high speed (approximately 7,200 rpm to 10,000 + rpm);
• Read\write heads (move across the disk to) read and write data;
• There is one read\write head for each side of a platter ie two heads per platter;
• Data is written to\read from the disk by magnetising\polarising\sensing microscopic regions on the disk;
• Data is organised in concentric rings called tracks;
• There is a small circuit board on the drive that controls the reading and writing of data;
• Data is transferred from and to the disk via a cable/electrical current being passed;
• The intersection of sectors and tracks are called blocks;
• Data is read 1 block at a time

Advantages

• System software manages the computer hardware/application software
• application software is for end-user tasks

Utility Software

• Because it will be subject to movement  and it does not use mechanical/moving parts

Control Unit; Decodes instruction; Controls the fetching and writing of data;

• Processor

Any two from:

1. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software: Organizations can purchase pre-developed software solutions from commercial vendors. These software products are typically ready-made and designed to fulfill common business needs. Examples include productivity software, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, and accounting software. COTS software can be licensed based on a one-time purchase or a subscription model.

2. Custom software development: Organizations may choose to develop custom software tailored to their specific requirements. This involves hiring software developers or outsourcing the development work to a third-party vendor. Custom software offers flexibility and can be designed to align with unique business processes and workflows. It allows organizations to have full control over the software's features and functionality.

3. Open-source software: Open-source software is developed collaboratively and made freely available to the public. Organizations can acquire open-source software without incurring licensing costs. They have the right to use, modify, and distribute the software as per the terms of the open-source license. Open-source software can be an economical option, and it allows organizations to benefit from community-driven development and ongoing improvements.

4. Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS refers to software applications that are accessed and used over the internet. Organizations can acquire software on a subscription basis, where the software is hosted and maintained by the vendor. Users access the software through web browsers or dedicated client applications. SaaS eliminates the need for local software installation and offers scalability and accessibility from any location with an internet connection.

Data and instructions are fetched from main memory, from addresses requested by the CPU on the address bus. (Data and instructions are sent) using the data bus. (Data and instructions are then) decoded and executed in the CPU.
Results of operations are sent back to the memory on the data bus

• It dictates the speed at which data is transferred between these components and enables the sequential execution of instructions in the correct order.
• generates a timing signal that is used to synchronize communication between CPU components and the rest  of the computer system

Number of cores
The number of cores a processor has directly affects the performance of the processor. Each core can perform its own fetch-execute cycle independently of others, so different applications can be allocated to different cores. Quad-core (four-core) and even octa-core (eight-core) processors are becoming common

• Repairing files
• Compression
• Defragmentation
• Back up
• Anti-virus / anti-spyware / anti-malware
• Firewall
• Managing application updates
• Format disks/drives
• System analysis tools

• (Cache) Stores regularly accessed instructions/data
• Reduces the need to access instructions/data from the main memory
•  Makes up for the difference in speed of the CPU and main memory

• Because data is recorded to the disks once but can be accessed many times without changing the content
• once data is written to the disk, it becomes read-only and cannot be altered or erased.