• A compiled program will only execute on a processor of specific type/family/with same instruction set
• A program run using an interpreter can execute on a computer with any type of processor

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1.Compare the two types of diskettes used in microcomputers in terms of physical size and densities.    (2mks)

2.Why is it necessary to have a UPS in a computer laboratory?  (2mks)

3 a) Explain what is meant by batch processing   (1mk)

   b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of batch processing ( 2mks)

4. List any four high level programming languages  (2mks)

5.A 3 by 4 matrix M is to be added to another 3 by 4 matrix array N so as to give a third 3 by 4 matrix array P.  Using a high level programming language, write a program segment that assigns the sum of M and N to P.(4mks)

6. The first column in the table below contains the formulae as stored into the cell F10 of a spreadsheet.  Enter the formulae, as they would appear when copied to the cell M20 of the same spreadsheet.  (3mks)

7.  Give three advantages of separating data from the applications that use the data in database design. (3mks)

8.  Explain the impact of information on organizations in each of the following areas:  (2mks)

   a) Competition

   b) Pace of growth

9. a) List any four tasks that an electronic spreadsheet should be able to perform other than calculations  (2mks)

    b) Explain what is meant by automatic recalculation as used in a spreadsheet.(1 mk)

10. Describe the functions of the following computer hardware components:

   a)Mouse                     (2 ½  mks)

   b)Scanner.                   (1 ½ mks)

11. a)State two differences between Disk Operating System (DOS) and WINDOWS operating system.

 b. i) Define the term application software  (1mk)

     ii) Give one example of application software (1mk)

12. a)  Give one difference between internal and external commands in Disk Operating System.   (2mks)

      b)  Name two DOS commands that may be used for checking disk errors.  (2mks)

13. Explain how a paragraph can be moved from one place to another in word-processing. 2mks)

14.  Define the term structured programming. (2mks)

SECTION B (60MKS)

Answer question 15 and any other three questions from this section.

15.a)  What is meant by each of the following terms:

 i)   pseudocode        (1 ½ mks)

  ii)  Flowchart           (1 ½ mks)

b) a program is required to list the first 1000 numbers in the series:  2, 4, 6, 8,

10. Draw a flowchart and write a program that can be carried out this task.   (12 mks)

16. The following car details are to be entered in a database; make, date-of-manufacture, colour and cost.

 a) Prepare a suitable database structure showing field names and their field types   (5mks)

 b) Explain how you index the data such that cars of the same make and colours are together   (2mks)

 c)  Write a statement that can be used to select cars of the colour green        (2 mks)

 d) Give an instruction that would;

  i)select cars whose cost lie between 500,000/= and 1,000,000/=  (3 mks)

 ii)Determine the average cost of all cars         (3mks)

17.  a)The diagram below represents the essential features o a computer system. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

i)Name the components (4mks)

            A

            B

            C

            D

ii) On the diagram above, indicate the direction of data flow using arrows.  (3mks)

b) Name the three types of buses in a computer system (3mks)

c) Explain how CPU registers may be used to carry out a basic calculation such as:2 + 7 = 9

d) Name two computers output devices. (1 Mark)

18. a)State three ways in which computer technology may affect employment patterns in organizations   (3mks)

b) State three ways in which computer technology may affect employment patterns in organizations (3mks)

c)Suggest three strategies that can be employed to manage resistance to change  (3mks)

d) Give three advantages of computerization in an organization.  (3mks)

19. a)In a computer based information system, state the purpose of the following files and give one example where such a file may be required in a school.                (8mks)

i) report file

ii)Back-up file

iii)Reference file

iv) Sort file

b) State three precautions that should be taken to ensure that diskettes are well stored.  (3 mks)

c)  Distinguish between “serial” and Indexed sequential” file organization methods.  (2mks)

d)  Distinguish between binary and octal number systems and give an example of each  (2mks)

• Binary can represent two states because computer circuits use transistors, which can either be on or off

Any two from:

• Registers
• Clock
• CU
• ALU

State the functions of the following protocols

POP -Stands for post office protocol

• used to download emails from email servers

SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

• used to send emails to email servers and transfer emails between servers

FTP - Stands for the file transfer protoc

• Security
• Installation cost
• bandwidth the medium can support
• Flexibility e.g wireless media
• Distance

• To detect and remove errors
• To confirm if the program produces the expected output

Encryption software

• Scramble/encode/mix up data so it cannot be read/understood if intercepted/stolen

Defragmentation s/w

• Move free space together and Move files together hence enabling Faster access to files

(Data) compression s/w

• Reduce the file size of files or makes files smaller inorder  To use less storage space
• enables Faster transmission
• enables storage of more files

Anti-virus / anti-malware s/w

• To help protect computer/data against viruses/malware
• To scan the computer to look for/quarantine/remove viruses/malware

Disk analysis and repair s/w

• Scan disk and look for faults
• Prevent the loss of data due to faulty disk

Auto-update

•  Checks Internet for new versions of software/OS
• Downloads and installs without user interaction

Firewall

• Examine incoming and outgoing traffic
• To help restrict/prevent unauthorised access over a network

 ...over a network/external source

RFID stands for radio frequency identification. There is an RFID reader and tag.RFID is used in contactless credit and debit cards as well as in some hotel room cards. Inside an RFID tag is a chip that contains a small amount of memory. The chip is attached to a coil of wire which acts as an antenna. When an RFID tag is scanned, the reader emits radio waves which are picked up by the tag’s antenna. The power induced in the tag’s antenna from these waves is enough to power the chip which then uses its antenna to emit its own radio wave, which contains the information held on the chip. This wave is picked up by the reader which decodes the information and returns the information to a computer.

Control Unit; Decodes instruction; Controls the fetching and writing of data;

Arithmetic Logic Unit/ ALU; Executes mathematical instructions;  Executes logical instructions; Compares values held in registers;

 Clock; Controls the number of instructions carried out each second;   allows the CPU to synchronize operations;

• An instruction is retrieved from the memory
• The instruction is decoded
• The instruction is executed
• the program counter is incremented

Incremental:

• Only the changes need to be backed up
• The software/OS/settings are unlikely to have changed between backups
• Small number of files likely to be used/edited between backups
• Take less time to backup
• Each backup will take less memory space to store

Full:

• Backup all the data/files and software
• It might not take a significant time to back up entire system
• He might only have a small number of files to be backed up each time
• Safer as have more past versions to revert to
• User may have changed settings on computer
• Faster to restore the backup
• Needs to do a full before he can do an incremental

• VM is used when RAM is full  i.e part of the secondary storage used as (temporary) RAM/VM
• Data from RAM is moved to the secondary storage/VM (to make space in RAM)
• RAM can then be filled with new data
• When data in VM is needed it is moved back to RAM

• Sequential processing occurs in the order that the tasks are received while distributed processing where more than one computer or CPU is used to run specific programs.

• deskilling – software has removed the need for some of the more traditional skills e.g. using CAD
• (re-)training – work practices have changed; need to learn how to use the new software/computer
• redundancy – new technology allows work to be completed by fewer staff/out-sourced to “cheaper” work forces in foreign countries
• work from home (etc.) – use of emails, VoIP, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc. allows working away from the office
• – nicer/safer workplace – quieter (no noisy typewriters) and safer (no heavy filing cabinets)
• – health (& safety) – RSI, headaches, backaches

• Easy to add nodes
• Managed centrally
• Fewer data collisions
• A single node failure does not affect the rest of the network

• backups/dumps of files
• copy of files on CD/tape streamer
• file generations

The data before encryption is known as .......plain.................. text.
To scramble the data, an encryption ......................key.........................., which is a type
of ...................key............................, is used.
The data after encryption is known as ....................cipher............................. text.
Encryption prevents the data from being ......................understood...................... by a hacker

 A network manager may need to be employed  which might be expensive

Could be infected with a virus that could spread to all other computers

Security problems receive traffic from other networks

Hackers may gain access as the network only as secure as weakest point of entry to data and steal/destroy

 The server/switch could go down (main cable break) so all workstations on the network are affected

 Can be expensive to set up as Initial cost of servers, communication devices, switches, network software etc. 

 Substantial Initial disruption: drilling holes, fitting trunking, running cables between buildings etc… 

 Can have a slow response time  due to heavy network traffic so users cannot work as effectively

 Detecting network problems can be more difficult on a network i.e difficult to isolate

 Can be slow to log in to a network  As it slow to download software/check password

 Only limited storage space available on network while one has access to all hard disc drive on standalone computer

 Time and effort to set up users o Can just start a standalone and use computer