Incorporate language support features in their software, which allows users to select their preferred language. This can be achieved through multi-language user interfaces and providing translation capabilities. By doing so, developers address language barriers and make the software accessible to a broader audience, demonstrating a commitment to cultural inclusivity.

Gender inclusivity – use gender-neutral language in examples

Cultural/Racial inclusivity – use a variety of ethnicities in photos

Ability inclusivity – represent awareness of disability in some examples

Sexual preference inclusivity – use language that is supportive of LGBTQI+ people

Both translate source code written in high level programming languages into machine code.
Compiler: Produces a single executable file that is portable between machines
Interpreter: Source code needs a special environment to run
Compiler: Needs to be compiled for a particular architecture
Interpreter: Can run on any architecture that has the translator/interpreter
Complier: Entire source code file is translated at once
Interpreter: Code is translated line by line
Compiler: Provides error report at the end of the compilation
Interpreter: Errors more obvious in the sequence
Compiler: The program source code is not available (so helps protect IP)
Interpreter: Source code is available
Compiler: Only has to be translated once (affecting the speed of execution)
Interpreter: Has to be translated each time, therefore (affecting the speed of execution)
Compiler: Requires two files to be maintained (one for execution and for editing purposes)
Interpreter: Requires only one file to be maintained
 

• Real time  E.g. turning the wheel must turn the car immediately
• On line - Otherwise system cannot be real time

Many components that go into computer systems are toxic and dangerous to the environment if released or disposed of inappropriately.
Heavy metals are used in batteries and circuits and these can pollute groundwater or kill animals if left exposed on landfill. Large quantities of plastics are used in systems, which take a long time to break down, some of the plastic will eventually break down into toxins as it degrades.

• A computer is an electronic device that operates (works) under the control of programs stored in its own memory unit
• An electronic device that accepts data, as input and transforms it under the influence of a set of special instructions called programs, to produce the desired output (referred to as information)

• Refers to the delivery of multimedia content, such video or audio over the internet in real-time. It allows users to access and consume content without downloading it to their device beforehand.

ICT is used to create e-commerce platforms that have made business transactions easier and convenient by allowing customers make purchases and payments from anywhere at any time

ICT is used by marketing agents to create exciting multimedia presentations concerning products or services and present them to the target customers using presentation software such MS PowerPoint

Using multimedia, presentation and animation software, it is possible to design attractive advert materials and video clips to display on billboards, broadcast over a television or uploaded on the internet

a)Spreadsheets                                                                                                                               (2mks)

• Microsoft Excel
• Lotus 1-2-3
• Google Sheets
• OpenOffice Calc

                                           Any 2 @ 1mk

b) Word processors                                                                                                                          (2mks)

• Microsoft Word
• Wordpad
• Corel WordPerfect
• Lotus Word Pro

                                         Any 2 @ 1mk

• TV remote control communication;
• DVD remote communication
• Communication between peripheral devices and the computer
• Data link over a short distance using mobile phones Radio remote control
• Remote locking/opening doors/ devices

• Authenticity
• Users' needs
• Availability of documentation
• Cost
• Compatibility
• Upgradability
• Portability

Is an arrangement of people, data, processes, communication and IT that interact to support problem solving

Components of an information system

• Hardware
• Software
• Data - information manipulated by software
• people- all people involved
• Processes - steps to accomplish a goal

• deskilling – software has removed the need for some of the more traditional skills e.g. using CAD
• (re-)training – work practices have changed; need to learn how to use the new software/computer
• redundancy – new technology allows work to be completed by fewer staff/out-sourced to “cheaper” work forces in foreign countries
• work from home (etc.) – use of emails, VoIP, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc. allows working away from the office
• – nicer/safer workplace – quieter (no noisy typewriters) and safer (no heavy filing cabinets)
• – health (& safety) – RSI, headaches, backaches

System Stability: Computers require a consistent and stable power supply to function properly. Fluctuations or interruptions in the power source can cause various issues that can disrupt the computer's operation or lead to hardware damage.

a. Data Loss: Sudden power outages or voltage fluctuations can cause the computer to shut down abruptly, resulting in data loss if unsaved work is not properly stored. This can be particularly problematic when working on critical tasks or handling important files.

b. Hardware Damage: Power surges or inconsistent power supply can damage the computer's internal components, including the motherboard, CPU, memory, and storage devices. These damages can result in system instability, reduced performance, or even complete hardware failure.

c. Operating System Corruption: Abrupt power loss or inconsistent power supply can corrupt the operating system files, leading to system crashes, error messages, and instability. This may require system repairs or reinstallation of the operating system.

d. Component Lifespan: Inconsistent power supply can put unnecessary stress on computer components, shortening their lifespan. Frequent power fluctuations or surges can cause wear and tear on various parts, reducing their efficiency and overall longevity.

• Software may be designed to run on 1 core and not multiple cores
• depends on the task(s)  i.e some tasks cannot be split across cores
• Clock speed also affects speed i.e dual core may have a faster clock speed and quad-core may have slower clock speed so one task may be run faster/slower
• RAM size also affects speed i.e Quad-core may have less RAM  amount of VM being used
• Cache size also affects speed i.e Quad-core may have less cache

A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character

• The number of FDE cycles run per given time/second
• the frequency that the clock ‘ticks’
• 3.8 billion cycles/instructions per second

State four threats that compromise data integrity

• Human error
• natural disaster
• data transmission errors
• software bugs

How threats to data integrity can be minimised:

• Backup data preferably on an external storage media
• control access to data by enforcing security measures
• design user interfaces that minimise chances of invalid data entry
• using error detection and correction software when transmitting data over the network
• using devices that directly capture data from the source such as bar code readers, digtal cameras, and optical character readers

• Financial accounting
• Prediction and forecasting
• Inventory keeping
• Budgeting
• Keeping records

• consists of values between 0–255 / 0–FFF
• values are separated by full stops/colons
• it is a unique address
• can be static or dynamic
• can be public or private
• can be IPv4 / have four groups of digits
• can be IPv6 / have eight groups of digits
• in IPv6 :: can replace groups of zeros.

• when designing a database a data dictionary provides the description and purpose of the fields/attributes of the database table(s). For example the field name (i.e. “phone number”), the data type (text); the size of the field (10) etc.