• Share peripherals/devices (e.g. printers, scanners)
• Communicate (e.g. email, instant messaging, play games)
• Share data (e.g. files/music/videos/backups on servers)
• Deploy/update applications
   
   

Windows for example a word processing application and a spreadsheet
 
Menus, for example, allow the user to perform operations or run applications such as right-click to create a new folder  
 
Icons for example a picture of linked computers for networking
 
Pointers(mouse or touchscreen)  for example to select items/trigger events  
 
Shortcuts for example to frequently used applications for example having a shortcut to your mail client on your desktop
 
File navigation for example when searching the hard disc for a file/folder using a browser
 
copying / deleting / moving/sorting/naming/searching of files or folders for example copying of a file from the hard drive to a USB pen drive (File handling)
 
Desktop customisation for example changing the colours and background image
 
Copy and paste for example between applications e.g. copying a graph from a spreadsheet to a word processor
 
Error messages for example provide users with error/warning/help messages for example ‘printer out of paper’ 

Word wrap - Is a word processing feature in which a word that does not fit in the current line is automatically moved at the start of the next line

Justification - refers to aligning text on both left and right margins

Drop cap - Make the first character of a paragraph occupy more than one line below it

Define the term internet      1mk

• The global interconnection of computer networks for purpose of communication and resource sharing

Explain the term web page    1mk

• A hypertext  page prepared to display the content on the web

Explain the following internet address http://www.google.co.us in reference to the structure of a URL    3mks

• HTTP- hypertext transfer protocol or simply protocol
• WWW – subdomain
• google – the name of the computer with the web content/domain name
• .co – top level domain for commercial organization
• .us- a TLD extension for the country US

What is the world wide web                                       1mk

•  A virtual space on the internet that allows web pages and sites to be accessed

Define the term browser                                    1mk

•  A software that used viewing of web content

Explain the meaning of the word hyperlink     1mk

• A text or picture that is a link to another webpage on the internet

What is a search engine?     1mk

• Is a special program that collects and stores links to information websites allowing users to search its database for them
• A specialized web-based application that help the user to search for specific information on the internet.

Explain the meaning of the term internet service provider            1mk

• A company that offers internet services to end-users

Identify three elements apart from a computer that is required for one to be connected to the internet    3mk

• Modem
• Internet software
• Internet service provider
• Telecommunication lines
• TCP/IP protocols

Define the term modem 1mk

• Stands for modulator-demodulator
• A device that enables telecommunication to use telephone lines

What is a protocol? Write the following in full: TCP/IP, HTML, HTTP and FTP           5mks

• Protocols – are special communication rules that govern sending and receiving of messages by computers on a network
• Html – hypertext markup language
• Hypertext transfer protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol
• Internet Protocol
• File Transfer Protocol

What would you do if a website refused to load on the browser within the first attempt?   1mk

• Click the refresh button on the toolbar

 State three internet services                         3mks

• Instant messaging
• E-mails
• E-commerce
• Social media and networks
• E-learning

Define the term internet telephony      1mk

• Transmission of voice data over the internet

State three benefits of the internet in our society

• Provides a platform for conducting business and marketing
• Provides many platforms such as social media through which people can contact each other
• Cost saving
• Efficient communication

• Outsourcing is the practice of using third-party providers to perform services and/or create goods that would traditionally be done within the business.

• devices are automatically detected and configured when initially attached
• Impossible to connect device incorrectly/connector only fits one way
• has become the industry standard
• supports multiple data transmission speeds
• lots of support base for USB software developers
• supported by many operating systems
• backward compatible
• faster transmission compared to wireless

Syntax error

• An error in the source code of a program like pront("Hello, " + name) instead of print
• These are errors that emanate from improper use of language rules such as spelling mistakes,improper use of variables and misuse of reserved words

Logical error

• A mistake in a program's source code that results in incorrect or unexpected behaviour like if age == 65: print("Eligible for a discount.") instead of using if age >= 65: print("Eligible for a discount.")
• These are errors that occur due to imperfect comparisons

Run-time error

• An error which occurs when a program is asked to do something that it cannot, resulting in a ' crash'9. For example, asking a number to be divided by 0 such as 72/0.
• An error that results in a sudden halt of an executing program

• Hierarchical model  - Records in the database can be related to one parent only but can have more children records
• Network database model - a child record can be linked to  multiple parent records
• Relational database model - organizes data into tables that can be linked or related based on data common to each.

• Refers to the scrambling of data into unreadable form before transmission over a telecommunication media  OR
• transformation of data from plaintext to ciphertext

• Making prosthetic limbs for patients
• Making items which allow precise reconstructive surgery
• Making light-weight plane wings
• Making sculptures

• provides an interface between the computer user and the hardware
• Manages the allocation and deallocation of the CPU to processes.
• manages Input-output devices by use of drivers

Advantages

– immediate response to questions/queries
– can see each other watch body language etc.
– easier to have several participants (would be difficult using instant messaging if
several people involved)

Disadvantages

– need for expensive equipment/high set up costs
– sometimes synchronisation problems make it difficult for delegates
– need to train people to use the new technology
– greater use of bandwidth

• holds an indexed sequence of variables of the same data type
• Arrays can be used to store values of the same data type and the array is then used as a singular variable to increase efficiency

A file is a collection of related data given a unique name while a folder is named storage location on a storage media that contains related files

System analyst

Web designers

Network administrators

Database administrators

Programmers

Computer technicians

method of transmission e.g

• blue tooth
• radio
• optical
• satellite
• infra-red
• microwave

device e.g.

• 3G (WAP) mobile phones/mobile phones/cell phone/remote
• key pad/remote control/keyboard
• infra-red mouse
• multimedia mobile handsets/notebooks
• GPRS (general packet radio service) mobiles
• WLAN(or WiFi) hotspots sited in public areas - e.g. coffee
• shops, railway stations, airports, motorway services
• linked printers
• PDA's (personal digital assistants)
• GPS

Taking a four-digit 0  binary number i.e (0000)2

In ones complement this is  1111

In twos complement this becomes 1111+1= 0000

So, It is clear that 0 and negative zero is the same in twos complement while in ones complement they are two different values

• Financial accounting
• Prediction and forecasting
• Inventory keeping
• Budgeting
• Keeping records

• where the new system is completely different from the old one
• if there has been extensive testing of the system and the system analyst has confidence in its functionality
• If the system is not critical

• novice can use the system right away
• user-friendly/easy to select
• click on icons/picture to select
• easier to input/words are replaced with icons
• no need to know command language to use the system/remember
• command language
• selecting item using mouse is faster than entering commands
• avoids typing errors
• no need to type
• no need to remember commands
• no need know the different commands for the different software
• multitasking (several programs open at the same time therefore easier
• /faster to switch
• easier/faster switching between files, folders etc.