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Q&A-KCSE Computer Studies Paper 1

An organisation that supplies audiobooks over the internet is moving into a new office building.
 (a) One reason for networking devices is to provide access to the internet.
  (i) Give two other reasons for connecting devices to networks.
 

  • Share peripherals/devices (e.g. printers, scanners)
  • Communicate (e.g. email, instant messaging, play games)
  • Share data (e.g. files/music/videos/backups on servers)
  • Deploy/update applications
     
     

(ii) The organisation has chosen wireless connectivity over wired connectivity for its new office building. There is no significant difference in the cost of installing either.
Give three reasons why the organisation might prefer wireless connectivity.

May not have space for cables to be installed

Employees and visitors can move around the building without disconnecting

Adding new users just means giving out the SSID and password

(b) Routers have an important role in how the internet functions.
  Describe how a router directs data on the internet.

  • Reads the data/packet to find the recipient's address 
  • Has physical connections to >=2 different networks
  • Holds a routing table
  • Stores information about (IP) addresses 
  • Keeps packets inside a network by not forwarding them 
  • Forwards data / directs/forwards/sends packets 
  • Chooses the most efficient path to the next node

A large comprehensive school has over 500 computers connected to their Local Area Network (LAN) with a connection to the Internet. (a) Describe, in detail, four disadvantages for the school of having a network of computers compared to stand alone computers

 A network manager may need to be employed  which might be expensive

Could be infected with a virus that could spread to all other computers

Security problems receive traffic from other networks

Hackers may gain access as the network only as secure as weakest point of entry to data and steal/destroy

 The server/switch could go down (main cable break) so all workstations on the network are affected

 Can be expensive to set up as Initial cost of servers, communication devices, switches, network software etc. 

 Substantial Initial disruption: drilling holes, fitting trunking, running cables between buildings etc… 

 Can have a slow response time  due to heavy network traffic so users cannot work as effectively

 Detecting network problems can be more difficult on a network i.e difficult to isolate

 Can be slow to log in to a network  As it slow to download software/check password

 Only limited storage space available on network while one has access to all hard disc drive on standalone computer

 Time and effort to set up users o Can just start a standalone and use computer

Distinguish between microwave and a radiowave transmission and a microwave transmission  (KCSE 2017 PP1)

Microwaves can cover shorter distances. On the contrary, radio waves can travel a long distance. Radio wave is usually propagated through sky mode while microwave uses the line of sight propagation. 

Describe what is meant by a MAC address.

  • used to identify a device
  • it is a unique (address)
  • it is a static address // it does not change
  • it is set by the manufacturer
  • the first part is the manufacturer ID/number / identifies the manufacturer
  • the second part is the serial number / ID.

 

State examples of wireless transmission media

  • Broadcast Radio
  • Infrared
  • Bluetooth
  • Microwaves
  • Satellite

State three functions of  a network  operating system

  • Allows creation and management of user accounts
  • Helps in troubleshooting of the network
  • controls access to network resources
  • Provides communication services
  • configures network resources
  •  

 

State advantages of star network topology

  • Easy to add nodes
  • Managed centrally
  • Fewer data collisions
  • A single node failure does not affect the rest of the network


Interfaces enable computer users to interact with the operating system. State three advantages of using a graphical user interface (GUI) for loading programs and files.

  • novice can use the system right away
  • user-friendly/easy to select
  • click on icons/picture to select
  • easier to input/words are replaced with icons
  • no need to know command language to use the system/remember
  • command language
  • selecting item using mouse is faster than entering commands
  • avoids typing errors
  • no need to type
  • no need to remember commands
  • no need know the different commands for the different software
  • multitasking (several programs open at the same time therefore easier
  • /faster to switch
  • easier/faster switching between files, folders etc.

What is a computer keyboard?

A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter text, characters, and various commands into a computer or other digital devices.

Explain each of the following function of an operating system

Job scheduling/Process scheduling                                                                                              (2mks)

  • Operating systems allocate tasks/processes/jobs to the CPU using priority and FIFO principle

 Memory management                                                                                                                  (2mks)

  • OS allocates and de-allocates memory spaces to processes loaded into the RAM
  • Swaps processes between main memory and virtual memory created in the secondary storage

State three factors to consider when selecting an operating system to install in a computer        (3 marks)

  • Ease of installation and use
  • Application software intended for use in the computer
  • Processor type. Some processors do not support all operating systems

IT technicians are setting up a new file server for a school. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of using a command line interface (CLI) rather than a graphical user interface (GUI) to set up a new file server.  (4marks)

Benefits

  • The user is not restricted to the predetermined options//the GUI uses icons and set menus
  • The user has more control over the computer settings//in GUI computer settings are protected from the user
  • Uses less memory than GUI
  • Requires less processing power for the interface
  • More processing power is made available for the task

Drawbacks

  • The commands used have to be learnt
  • The commands used have to be remembered
  • The commands used have to be typed in/entered exactly
  • Have to remember the exact path/correct name of application
  • More prone to errors on data entry Commands have to be typed in//in a GUI can use touchscreens/mice
  • Tends to be used by specialist people//GUI is more user-friendly and can be used by non-experts

What is an Operating System?

  • It refers to a system software that provides a platform for installation and execution of an application software and also manages the computer hardware

State three categories Operating Systems grouped according to user interface

  • Commandline/ Character interface Operating systems
  •  Menu Driven Operating Systems
  •  Graphical User Interface Operating Systems

Identify and describe four roles of the operating system when managing the resources of a personal computer.

Manages memory (RAM)

  •  Allocates memory to programs currently executing 

Ensures programs/data do not corrupt each other

  • Ensures all programs and data including itself is stored in correct memory locations

Manages processes

  • Ensures different processes can utilise the CPU and do not interfere with each other or crash  

Allows the user to run programs 

  • On a multitasking operating system, it ensures that all tasks appear to run simultaneously 

Other roles

  • Allocates time slices
  • Scheduling of programs
  • Handles interrupts
  • Allows the user to configure hardware

Describe four features of the operating system when providing a graphical user interface on a personal computer. Give a suitable example of each feature.

  • Windows for example a word processing application and a spreadsheet
  • Menus, for example, allow the user to perform operations or run applications such as right-click to create a new folder  
  • Icons for example a picture of linked computers for networking
  • Pointers(mouse or touchscreen)  for example to select items/trigger events  
  • Shortcuts for example to frequently used applications for example having a shortcut to your mail client on your desktop
  • File navigation for example when searching the hard disc for a file/folder using a browser
  • copying / deleting / moving/sorting/naming/searching of files or folders for example copying of a file from the hard drive to a USB pen drive (File handling)
  • Desktop customisation for example changing the colours and background image
  • Copy and paste for example between applications e.g. copying a graph from a spreadsheet to a word processor
  • Error messages for example provide users with error/warning/help messages for example ‘printer out of paper’ 

Interfaces enable computer users to interact with the operating system.

(a) State four advantages for using a graphical user interface in loading programs and files

(b) A vehicle assembly company has introduced robots to replace the human workforce.  State two effects this would have on the workforce

State four advantages for using a graphical user interface in loading programs and files

  • User friendly
  • No need to know command language as commands are executed by clicking on icons
  • Allows multitasking as several programs open at the same time therefore easier to switch between applications
  • Selecting an item using a mouse is easier and faster than entering commands

Or any other correct response

Advantage @ 1 Mark

Total = 4 X 1 Mark

= 4 Marks

 

A vehicle assembly company has introduced robots to replace the human workforce.  State two effects this would have on the workforce                

  • Unemployment
  • Need to retrain
  • No longer need to do hazardous or tedious jobs
  • Employment of skilled staff who will manipulate the robots

Or any other correct response

Effect @ 1 Mark

Total = 2 X 1 Mark

= 2 Marks

Distinguish between a file and a folder

A file is a collection of related data given a unique name while a folder is named storage location on a storage media that contains related files