List three characteristics of Internet Protocol version 6 (IP6).
Explain why it is beneficial to get more RAM instead of relying on virtual memory.
Describe the query criteria given below
(a) Like "*kenya*"
(b) Like "*ina"
(c) Like U*
(d) Not Like U*
(e) >= "Mexico"
(f) Like "[A-D]*"
(g) "USA" Or "UK"
Define social engineering
Utility software are operating system programs designed to maintain the functionality of a computer system.
Describe three types of utility software that are provided to help maintain the security and integrity of computer data.
Give one advantage of a star network when compared to a ring network.
– if one station/cable fails, others are not affected
– easier to identify faults when using star topologies
– it is easier to expand this type of network
– performance doesn’t deteriorate under load
Identify the protocol used to transfer data in networks.
Explain why smoke and dust particles are harmful to a computer
Overheating: Smoke and dust particles can accumulate inside the computer's casing, blocking airflow and hindering the cooling mechanisms of the computer. This can lead to overheating of the internal components, such as the CPU and graphics card. Overheating can cause system instability, performance degradation, and even permanent damage to the hardware.
Component Malfunction: Smoke and dust particles can settle on electronic components, such as the motherboard, memory modules, and connectors. Over time, this accumulation can create a layer of debris, leading to poor electrical contact and interference with signal transmission. This can result in component malfunctions, intermittent failures, or even complete hardware failure.
Short Circuits: If smoke or dust particles contain conductive materials, such as metal flakes or moisture, they can create a risk of short circuits. When conductive particles come into contact with exposed circuits or connectors, they can cause a direct electrical connection between two points that are not intended to be connected. Short circuits can damage components, disrupt data transmission, and even pose a fire hazard.
Increased Maintenance Requirements: Smoke and dust particles can increase the frequency and complexity of computer maintenance. Accumulated dust can clog cooling fans, causing them to work less effectively or even fail. Additionally, smoke particles can leave behind sticky residues that further attract dust, making the cleaning process more challenging.
Reduced Performance and Reliability: As smoke and dust particles accumulate within the computer, they can restrict the movement of mechanical components, such as fans or disk drives, affecting their performance and reliability. Dust particles can also hinder the reading and writing capabilities of optical drives or cause errors in data transmission.
State what is meant by each of the following modes of data processing
(i) Batch processing.
(ii) Real-time processing.
(iii) Online processing.
(iv) Off-line processing.
(i) Jobs collected together for processing at a later time
(ii) Output produced quickly enough to affect the next input
(iii) User has direct contact with the processor
(iv) User cannot communicate directly with the processor
State advantages of star network topology
State three categories Operating Systems grouped according to user interface
State two benefits of using computerised traffic control systems
Distinguish between a client-server and a peer-to-peer network
Shaneela is designing and coding a website. The files she creates will be stored on
a computer.
(a) File management is a function that an operating system performs.
Describe how an operating system organises files
The organisation of files is in a hierarchy/tree structure
A node is either a folder/directory/sub-folder/sub-directory or the file itself
The top node/folder/directory/drive is the root
State the name of the storage space used by the operating system when there is insufficient RAM
Define the following terms as used in the internet
HTTPS/HTTP: this is a protocol that is used to send data to web pages across the Internet
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): a text-based version of a web address
Internet Service provider /ISP - his is the company that provides a user with a connection to the Internet
browser - Software/application that allows users to view web pages / render HTML -
cookie - a text file (stored by a web browser) that contains data about a user’s browsing habits/details/preferences
Explain the differences between parallel running and direct changeover as ways of implementing the new system.
Direct changeover – new system replaces existing system immediately/overnight
Parallel running – new system runs alongside/together with existing system
Parallel running – there is always the old system to fall back on in the event of the new system failing/information is not lost/always a second copy
Direct changeover – if things go wrong lose all data/old system is not available
Direct changeover – training is more difficult to organise
Parallel running – training can be gradual Parallel running is more expensive to implement than direct changeover....
Direct changeover is a quicker method of implementation than parallel running
Direct Changeover: The old system is stopped completely, and the new system is started. All of the data that used to be input into the old system, now goes into the new one.
Parallel Running: The new system is started, but the old system is kept running in parallel (side-by-side) for a while. All of the data that is input into the old system, is also input into the new one. Eventually, the old system will be stopped, but only when the new system has been proven to work.
One characteristic of a robot is its mechanical structure.
State two other characteristics of a robot
State three utility programs associated with the use of a hard drive. Explain the purpose of each the program
When developing a network security policy, it is important to understand the threats that can be made against a network. ‘IP spoofing’ and ‘back doors’ are two techniques that can compromise the security of a network. Describe each of these techniques.
IP spoofing
A technique used to gain unauthorised access to a computer whereby an intruder sends messages to that computer from a false IP address
Back door:
An undocumented method of gaining access to a program, online service or an entire computer system