•  It does not have declaration part
• It does not  have control structures

• It prevents double-booking which could happen in paper-based booking system
• The customer gets immediate feedback on the availability of seats
• The customer can make  booking at any time of the day
• Emails provided by customers during booking can be used by companies for advertisement

(i) Incorrect use of language, e.g. PLINT instead of PRINT
(ii) A mistake in the structure of the solution, e.g. a jump goes to the wrong line
(iii) Inappropriate arithmetic is used, e.g. division by 0 is attempted

b) What Simeon and Anna said about the life of Jesus during the dedication. (7mks)

Jesus would save people

He would bring glory to Israel

He would be a light to the gentiles

He would be a universal savoir

He would bring judgment to the Israelites

Many people would oppose his work

He would reveal secret thoughts of people

He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem

• the pain felt in muscles, nerves and tendons caused by repetitive movement and overuse.
• Injury as a result of repetitive use of parts of the body while performing work
• Strains and injuries due to prolonged typing and use of the mouse

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) technology refers to a method of combining multiple physical disk drives into a logical unit to improve performance, data availability, and data redundancy. RAID technology is commonly used in storage systems to provide fault tolerance, data protection, and increased storage performance.

The primary purpose of RAID is to create a more reliable and robust storage solution by spreading data across multiple drives and implementing various data redundancy techniques. This helps to mitigate the risk of data loss and system downtime in case of drive failures.

There are different levels or configurations of RAID, each offering different features and trade-offs. The most commonly used RAID levels are:

1. RAID 0 (Striping): Data is split evenly across multiple drives, resulting in increased performance as data can be accessed from multiple drives simultaneously. However, there is no redundancy, so if one drive fails, data loss can occur.

2. RAID 1 (Mirroring): Data is duplicated or mirrored across two drives, providing redundancy. If one drive fails, the other drive can still function and serve the data. RAID 1 offers data protection but does not offer increased performance.

3. RAID 5 (Striping with Parity): Data and parity information are striped across multiple drives, providing both increased performance and fault tolerance. Parity information allows for the recovery of data in case of a single drive failure. RAID 5 requires a minimum of three drives.

4. RAID 10 (Combination of Mirroring and Striping): RAID 10 combines elements of RAID 1 and RAID 0. It involves mirroring data across two sets of drives and then striping the mirrored sets for increased performance and fault tolerance. RAID 10 provides high levels of data redundancy and performance but requires a minimum of four drives.

Physical topology - the physical arrangement of nodes of a computer network

Examples

• bus topology
• ring topology
• mesh topology
• star topology

Logical topology- the way data flows in a network

Examples

• Ethernet
• Ring

• A compiled program will only execute on a processor of specific type/family/with same instruction set
• A program run using an interpreter can execute on a computer with any type of processor

Shielded twisted pair cable:
A twisted pair cable is made up of four pairs of twisted copper wires, a shielded twisted pair cable applies a shield to each one of the pairs on a cable or to all of the pairs together. This shield can reduce EMI (electromagnetic interference), which would be emitted from heavy machinery. This increased data transmission quality in the workshop. STP can also reduce crosstalk.

• A barcode is one-dimensional while a QR code is two dimensional
• Barcodes are a set of vertical lines and QR code contains squares
• QR codes can be read from any angle . Barcode is only above or below and lined up horizontally

• It ensures that each row has a unique and non-null primary key

Control Unit; Decodes instruction; Controls the fetching and writing of data;

Arithmetic Logic Unit/ ALU; Executes mathematical instructions;  Executes logical instructions; Compares values held in registers;

 Clock; Controls the number of instructions carried out each second;   allows the CPU to synchronize operations;

Phased:
Advantages:

• only a small part of the operation affected if new system fails
•  no need to pay for two sets of wages

Disadvantages:

•  time consuming (each part needs testing fully before expanding system)

Pilot:
Advantages:

• if new system fails, only that part will be affected
• possible to gradually train staff on pilot before whole system changes over

Disadvantages:

•  time consuming (waiting to see how pilot works before rolling out to rest of the organisation)

Direct:
Advantages:

•  less likely to malfunction since fully tested
• immediate benefits/less time wasted
•  reduced costs (only one system so no need to duplicate staff)

Disadvantages:

• disastrous if the new systems does fail

Parallel:
Advantages:

•  if new system goes down, there is a backup system in place
• possible to gradually train staff/staff have time to get used to the new system

Modulation refers to the process of converting a digital signal to analog signal at the transmission end while demodulation is to converting analog signal to digital signal at the receiving end

• Data enters at one end (of a stack)
• Leaves at the same end
• Hence 'last in, first out'

• A physical file contains the original data whereas a logical file does not contain any data
• A physical file contains one record format while a logical file can contain up to 32 record formats
• A physical file can exist without a logical file while a logical file cannot exist without a physical file

• once instructions are given, the processing runs automatically hence requiring little supervision
• tasks are processed as a group hence reducing the cost
• It is faster since the since runs automatically
• there is increased output since the processor works without any interruption

• Bus topology is characterised by common transmission media shared by all the connected nodes
• Star topology is characterised by a central switching node connected directly to each of the multiple nodes in the network

Advantages of Star topology over Bus topology

• Faster communication as compared to bus topology
• Independent line of connection allows freedom of removing or adding nodes

Disadvantages of Star topology over Bus topology

• Expensive as compared to the bus topology
• Long cable length

CLI

• Commands have to be typed in full with no mistakes
• Requires memorization of commands
• Uses less memory

GUI

• Due to graphics, GUI uses a lot of memory
• GUI is more user friendly
• Cannot operate properly if memory is low

Comparison

• Both carry out file management
• Both are operating systems
• Both control software and hardware

• It is a program written in a high level langauage