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Q&A-KCSE Computer Studies Paper 1

Give three features of a data protection act.

  • data shall only be used for the specific purpose for which it was collected
  • data shall be adequate/relevant/not excessive
  • data shall be accurate/up to date
  • data shall not be kept any longer than necessary
  • individuals have the right to see data about them (and have it changed if inaccurate)
  • sufficient means taken for security/integrity of data
  • data shall not be transferred to a country with lower protection laws
  • data users must be registered
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Distinguish between real-time and distributed operating systems (KCSE 2018)

  • Real-time OS reads information from input devices and must respond within a short duration of time to ensure correct performance
  • Distributed OS distributes computation among several physical processors which do not share memory or clock
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What is social engineering?
The act of soliciting for sensitive information from unsuspecting users. According to study.com, it is the use of various forms of technology to deceive people into divulging private information:study.com
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State two ways in which data validation is implemented on an input form of a database application

  • By setting the validation rule for the input controls on the property sheet in design view
  • By use of VBA to restrict user inputs for a given control on a form
  • By use of queries to restrict options available for the user in a combo box or listbox
  • Setting correct data types for the fields in table the design
  • Enforcing referential integrity in database relationships
  • Use of input mask for the controls on the property sheeet in design view
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Explain what is meant by a LIFO data structure.

  • Data enters at one end (of a stack)
  • Leaves at the same end
  • Hence 'last in, first out'
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State two data protection rules that should be obeyed by all staff in a hospital.

  • data must be accurate/up-to-date
  • personal data must be registered
  • data must be used for the purpose that is registered for
  • if data is to be used for another purpose the registrar must be notified/
  • subject gives consent
  • patients must be able to see the data and have it changed if it is incorrect
  • processed fairly and lawfully
  • kept no longer than needed
  • kept secure
  • not transferred to other countries without protection
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Give two reasons why hexadecimal is often used instead of binary in computer
science.

  • hexadecimal is easier (for humans) to read (than binary);
  • numbers are displayed in a more compact way (in hexadecimal than in binary);
  • it is quicker to type in (hexadecimal numbers than binary numbers);
  • it reduces the risk of typing errors (in hexadecimal numbers than binary numbers);
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State ways in which an OS secures a computer system

  • Access Controls: Authentication of users in order to access files
  • Performing regular patches of updates
  • creating secure accounts with required privileges
  • scrutinizes all incoming and outgoing packets of data through a firewall
  • encryption of data, during transmission
  • Log files to detect any breach
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(a)Explain why programmers prefer to represent instruction in hexadecimal rather than in binary

  • A larger number of values can be represented using fewer characters.
  • the shorter length and more characters make the pattern easier to read and understand
  • recognisable character codes can be used for debugging

(b) Give two other uses of hexadecimal

  • HMTL color codes representing RGB spectrum in the web development
  • representation of MAC and IP addresses allowing a larger combination of unique addresses

(a)Explain why programmers prefer to represent instruction in hexadecimal rather than in binary

  • A larger number of values can be represented using fewer characters.
  • the shorter length and more characters make the pattern easier to read and understand
  • recognisable character codes can be used for debugging

(b) Give two other uses of hexadecimal

  • HMTL color codes representing RGB spectrum in the web development
  • representation of MAC and IP addresses allowing a larger combination of unique addresses
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What is a defragmentation software

  • It is a utility software that places file data in adjacent sectors to free up space for more data and reduce access time for files stored
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KCSE 2021 Prediction Computer Studies Paper 1

b) Study the following pseudocode and answer the questions that follow.

1. Start

2. Get Value1 and Value2

3. If Value1> Value2 Then

4. Maximum = Value1

5. Else If Value1< Value2 Then

6. Maximum = Value2

7. Else Go to 9

8. Display Maximum

9. Stop

i) State the purpose of the pseudocode                                                                                  [1]

To compare two values and output the greater of the two

ii) Draw a flowchart equivalent to the pseudocode.                                                                     [8]

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State examples of wireless transmission media

  • Broadcast Radio
  • Infrared
  • Bluetooth
  • Microwaves
  • Satellite
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 Complete the data dictionary below for the Student entity.

  • StudentID: String
  • FirstName: Required 1
  • Year: 2 1
  • Email: Email address containing @ sign 1
  • AccountBalance: Real
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Explain two computer hardware features that may be considered when selecting a laptop computer to be used in developing a KCSE computer studies project (4mks)

Multimedia Capability - A laptop with strong multimedia capabilities is essential for a computer studies project submitted on CD-RW. This ensures that the laptop can efficiently handle multimedia content, providing a seamless experience in creating and presenting project materials.

Processor Speed - Opting for a laptop with a high processor speed is crucial. This feature enables the smooth execution of multiple applications simultaneously, enhancing overall project efficiency and reducing processing delays.

Hard Disk Capacity - Consider a laptop with ample hard disk capacity, as the Microsoft Office suite used in computer projects requires significant space for the installation and storage of project files. A spacious hard drive ensures that there is sufficient room for data and applications.

Main Memory Capacity - Given that students often work with multiple programs concurrently during a project, it's important to choose a laptop with an adequate main memory size. A smaller main memory may result in performance issues, hindering the seamless operation of various software applications during project development.

 

The Unicode character set is used to represent text that is typed into a computer.
(a) Describe what is meant by a character set.

(b) One disadvantage of using the Unicode character set, instead of the ASCII character set, is
that the text stored takes up more storage space.

  • All the characters and symbols that can be represented by a computer system.
  • Each character and symbol is assigned a unique value.

(b) One disadvantage of using the Unicode character set, instead of the ASCII character set, is

that the text stored takes up more storage space

  • Each character is encoded using more bits

 

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State the types of storage devices used in a computer

  1. Primary Storage (Memory):

    • Random Access Memory (RAM): This is a volatile memory used to store data and instructions that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) can access quickly. RAM is essential for running applications and the operating system. However, its contents are lost when the computer is powered off.
    • Read-Only Memory (ROM): ROM is a non-volatile memory that stores essential firmware and instructions necessary for the computer's boot-up process. It retains its contents even when the power is turned off.
    • Cache Memory: Cache is a small and fast memory located closer to the CPU. It stores frequently accessed data to speed up the processing.
  2. Secondary Storage (Mass Storage):

    • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): HDDs use magnetic storage to store data on rotating platters. They provide relatively large storage capacities and are commonly used in computers and laptops for long-term data storage.
    • Solid-State Drive (SSD): SSDs use NAND flash memory to store data, offering faster read and write speeds than HDDs. They are more durable and consume less power, making them increasingly popular in modern computers.
    • Optical Discs: CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are examples of optical storage media. They are mainly used for distribution of software, music, movies, and archival purposes.
    • USB Flash Drives: Also known as thumb drives or pen drives, these portable storage devices use flash memory to store data and can be easily connected to a computer's USB port.
    • Memory Cards: Memory cards, such as SD cards and microSD cards, are used in various devices like cameras, smartphones, and tablets to store data, photos, videos, etc.
    • External Hard Drives: These are HDDs or SSDs contained within an external enclosure, allowing users to expand their computer's storage capacity or create backups.
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State Advantages of online booking

  • It prevents double-booking which could happen in paper-based booking system
  • The customer gets immediate feedback on the availability of seats
  • The customer can make  booking at any time of the day
  • Emails provided by customers during booking can be used by companies for advertisement
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IT technicians are setting up a new file server for a school. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of using a command line interface (CLI) rather than a graphical user interface (GUI) to set up a new file server.  (4marks)

Benefits

  • The user is not restricted to the predetermined options//the GUI uses icons and set menus
  • The user has more control over the computer settings//in GUI computer settings are protected from the user
  • Uses less memory than GUI
  • Requires less processing power for the interface
  • More processing power is made available for the task

Drawbacks

  • The commands used have to be learnt
  • The commands used have to be remembered
  • The commands used have to be typed in/entered exactly
  • Have to remember the exact path/correct name of application
  • More prone to errors on data entry Commands have to be typed in//in a GUI can use touchscreens/mice
  • Tends to be used by specialist people//GUI is more user-friendly and can be used by non-experts
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(ii) The organisation has chosen wireless connectivity over wired connectivity for its new office building. There is no significant difference in the cost of installing either.
Give three reasons why the organisation might prefer wireless connectivity.

May not have space for cables to be installed

Employees and visitors can move around the building without disconnecting

Adding new users just means giving out the SSID and password

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6 Programmers write software that controls hardware and interacts with users. Some of this software ensures that networks function properly.

(a) Compilers and interpreters translate source code written in programming languages.
  State four other features of a compiler.

 A single executable file is produced 

The executable program is portable between machines

The program source code is not available

Code can be optimised/made more efficient 

Entire source code file is converted at once

No special environment is needed to execute the code 

It creates object/machine code

Error report is provided at the end of the compilation

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