State advantages of star network topology
Briefly describe the following
Multitasking - the capability of an operating system to enable users to run two or more programs at once on a single computer
Real time processing - data processing system in which the time interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that the response itself is useful for controlling the physical activity of a process
Time-sharing processing - a processing mode in which the central processor serves two or more users with different processing requirements (tasks)
On-line processing - is that type of processing where the result of data processing transaction is available immediately
Name one item used in the home, other than a computer, that contains a microprocessor.
One characteristic of a robot is its mechanical structure.
State two other characteristics of a robot
Describe two health risks associated with the increased use of computers.
What is meant by RAID technology?
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) technology refers to a method of combining multiple physical disk drives into a logical unit to improve performance, data availability, and data redundancy. RAID technology is commonly used in storage systems to provide fault tolerance, data protection, and increased storage performance.
The primary purpose of RAID is to create a more reliable and robust storage solution by spreading data across multiple drives and implementing various data redundancy techniques. This helps to mitigate the risk of data loss and system downtime in case of drive failures.
There are different levels or configurations of RAID, each offering different features and trade-offs. The most commonly used RAID levels are:
RAID 0 (Striping): Data is split evenly across multiple drives, resulting in increased performance as data can be accessed from multiple drives simultaneously. However, there is no redundancy, so if one drive fails, data loss can occur.
RAID 1 (Mirroring): Data is duplicated or mirrored across two drives, providing redundancy. If one drive fails, the other drive can still function and serve the data. RAID 1 offers data protection but does not offer increased performance.
RAID 5 (Striping with Parity): Data and parity information are striped across multiple drives, providing both increased performance and fault tolerance. Parity information allows for the recovery of data in case of a single drive failure. RAID 5 requires a minimum of three drives.
RAID 10 (Combination of Mirroring and Striping): RAID 10 combines elements of RAID 1 and RAID 0. It involves mirroring data across two sets of drives and then striping the mirrored sets for increased performance and fault tolerance. RAID 10 provides high levels of data redundancy and performance but requires a minimum of four drives.
Explain, with examples where appropriate, the following five computer terms.
(a) Buffer
(b)batch processing
(c) e-commerce
(d) simulation
(a) Buffer
(b)batch processing
(c) e-commerce
(d) simulation
(e) Email
State three categories Operating Systems grouped according to user interface
Convert the following:
(a) the binary number \(1111 1100_2\) to hexadecimal.
(b) the denary number \(138_{10}\) to hexadecimal.
(c) the hexadecimal number \(5D_{16}\) to denary.
(a) \(F C_{16}\)
(b) \(8 A_{16}\)
(c) \(93_{10}\)
Identify four different types of computer network.
Identify and describe four roles of the operating system when managing the resources of a personal computer.
Manages memory (RAM)
Ensures programs/data do not corrupt each other
Manages processes
Allows the user to run programs
Other roles
Xpat ICT has been tasked to construct a network for an organisation. Explain three factors that the company should consider when selecting the medium for the connectivity (KCSE 2021 Computer Studies Q19c)
The operators who enter the data into the files sit at keyboards to do their work.
Discuss
(i) the potential health hazards of this type of work,
(ii) the ways that management can help to overcome the effects of the health hazards.
(i) the potential health hazards of this type of work,
(ii) the ways that management can help to overcome the effects of the health hazards.
Differentiate between distributed data processing and time-sharing.
What is a computer system ?
A computer system refers to computer components that collectively function as a single unit to achieve the desired goal. It can also be defined as a collection of hardware, software, and liveware that work together to receive, process, and manage data
Explain how virtual memory can compensate for the limited RAM capacity in a computer.
Describe how ICT is used in marketing
State four tasks performed at the analysis stage in systems analysis.
Give one difference between a compiled program and interpreted program
Define an end user license agreement (EULA).