History Paper 1 Pre KCSE 2024

Monday, 30 September, 2024

Give two ways in which archaeologists identify a pre-historic site.

Existence of a collection of artifacts/tectonic forces/erosion.

Evidence of burial sites /cultivation and constructional fossils

Evidence of ruins of settlements /vision

Evidence of art/paintings

Historical research and documentation

Use of experience and skills.

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

Identify two groups which belong to the Western Bantus in Kenya. (2mks )

Abaluhya

Abagusii

Abasuba

Abakuria

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

State one social function of the orkoiyot among the Nandi during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)

Fore telling the future

Presiding over religious functions/ was a religious leader/offered prayers.

Arbitrating disputes /settled disputes

Blessing warriors

Rain maker

Medicine man

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

Give two evidence which shows that the early visitors reached the Kenyan coast before the 15th century. (1mk)

The Greeks and the Chinese coins were found at the Kenyan coast.

There are fragments of the Chinese pottery which have been preserved

Documents that mention the presence of early visitors to the coast have been preserved

Presence of monuments constructed by the early visitors.

Any 2 x 1 = 2marks

Give two conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth. (2mks)

If the father or mother of the person is a Kenyan citizen

A child found in Kenya who is/appears to be less than eight years and whose nationality and parents are not known.

A former Kenyan citizen by birth who reapplies to regain Kenya citizenship.

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

State one way in which education promotes unity in Kenya. (1mk)

Different students from different communities interact/learn in same schools e.g National schools

Learning same curriculum

National examinations by KNEC

Co-curriculum activities e.g music, sports where students interact.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

Identify two rights of the elderly persons in Kenya. (2mks)

To fully participate in the affairs of the society

To pursue their personal developments

To live in dignity and respect

To be free from abuse

To receive reasonable care and assistance from their family and state. 

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

What is contained in chapter six of the constitution of Kenya? 1mk

Integrity

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

State two economic reasons why the British colonized Kenya.

In search of raw materials

In search of market for their manufactured goods.

To invest surplus capital in Kenya

Abolition of slave trade and establishment of legitimate trade.

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

What type of reaction did the Agikuyu show towards the British as they colonized Kenya? (1mk)

Mixed reaction.

Any 1 x 1 = (2marks)

Give two aims to why the British used local government during colonial period. (2mks)

Acted as a link between the central government and local people.

It was to act as a legal forum for Africans to make decisions about their day to day affairs.

To mobilize local people in resources exploitation 

To provide means through which government would understand Africans.

Any 2 x 1 = (2marks)

Give one feature of African farming in Kenya in the pre-colonial period. (2mks)

Small scale farming was practiced

Africans mainly grew food staff/subsistence farming

Traditional methods of farming were used.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

Give the main reason for the second Lancaster House Conference of 1962. (1mark)

To draft the independent constitution.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

State any one social contribution of Daniel Arap Moi to the development of Kenya as the president.

Development of education

Development of Health facilities (Nyayo ward)

Started the Nyayo Philosophy of Peace, love and unity.

Established sports facilities – Stadium – Nyayo sports center) Kasarani) and Moi international sports center.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

Define the term Harambee Philosophy. (1mark)

Strategy used in the development of Kenya after independence – pulling together resources- labour, material, finance to develop Kenya.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

What is the meaning of devolved Government?

There is the delegation of power and responsibilities from the National/central government to local/county government.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

Give the main function of the commission on Revenue Allocation in Kenya. (1mark)

To ensure equitable sharing of revenue between National and county Governments/among county governments.

Any 1 x 1 = (1mark)

SECTION B (45MARKS)

Answer any three questions from this section

(a) Give any five effects of the migration and settlement of the Bantu into Kenya in the 19th century. (5marks)

Population increase in areas where they settled

They traded with their neighbouring communities 

There were intermarriages between them and the communities they interacted with 

There was increased warfare between them and other communities over resources like land

They displaced some communities that they found in the areas where they settled.

They assimilated some communities in areas where they settled.

Any 5 x 1= (5marks)

(b). Describe the social organization of the Agikuyu in the 19th century. 10mks

They had a family which was the smallest social unit/basic social unit.

They had clans made up of several families who shared a common ancestry.

They initiated boys and girls which united them and was a passage of rite from childhood to adulthood.

They had age-set system/riika which was composed of people initiated at the same time.

They believed in the existence of one God (Ngai) whom they believed to dwell on Mt. Kirinyaga (Kenya)

They had specialists e.g diviners, priests and medicine men who played different roles e.g priests offered sacrifices to God.

They had sacred places of worship/shrines/mugumo tree.

They believed in ancestral spirit whom they honoured by pouring libation so as to appease them.

They valued marriage and practiced polygamous type of marriage.

Any 5 x 2 = (10marks)

(a). Give five reasons why Seyyid Said moved his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar.

In order to effectively control the East African Coast.

Zanzibar had a pleasant climate

Zanzibar was strategically located for the development of trade.

Zanzibar had fertile soils /adequate rainfall/fresh clean water.

Zanzibar offered a good defense site from outside attacks.

The rulers of Zanzibar were loyal to Oman.

Any 5 x 1= (5marks)

(b). Explain five reasons why the Akamba participated in the long Distance Trade. (10marks)

Environmental problems – Aridity and infertile soils. The only alternative economic activity was trade.

Strategic position- They were centrally placed between the coast and the interior

Trade experience- They were experienced in both local and intercommunal trade/they had trade links

Chief Kivoi encouraged his people to trade.

Availability of trade commodities. They were skilled hunters and therefore could easily get ivory for trade.

There was demand/market for trade goods.

Any 5 x 2 = (10marks)

(a). State three reasons why the British used the IBEACO to administer it’s possessions in Kenya. (3marks)

It was familiar with the area 

They lacked a clear policy on the administration of colonial possessions

They lacked enough personnel

They lacked sufficient funds /inadequate funds

Any 3 x 1 = 3marks

(b).Explain six reasons why the Kenyan communities were defeated by the British during the establishment of colonial rule. (12marks)

The Kenyan communities lacked unity among themselves

The Kenya communities had inferior weapons compared to the superior British weapons

Their soldiers/warrios had little knowledge about the British military tactics

Their population had been reduced/weakened by catastrophes such as famine, rinderpest and civil strife

Their leaders lacked adequate organizational skills of mobilizing the people

The British used treachery when dealing with some communities /collaboration.

The economic base of the communities was destroyed by the British thus making them weak.

Any 6 x 2 = (12marks)

(a). Identify any three problems that were faced by Kenya at independence . (3marks)

Under development

Poverty

Illiteracy/ignorance 

Disease

Any 3 x 1 = (3marks)

(b). Explain six social effects of national philosophies on the development of Kenya. (12marks)

The philosophies have encouraged cooperation/understanding among Kenyans

They have encouraged Kenya’s to actively participate in development projects

Through the philosophies , education has been promoted by building schools, colleges and universities

The philosophies have encouraged mutual social responsibility among Kenyans

The plight of the disadvantaged people has been addressed by assisting them.

The philosophies have helped improve medical services by constructing dispensaries, health centres and hospitals

The philosophies have promoted African culture through borrowing of positive African traditions

The philosophies have promoted spiritual well-being through building churches.

Any 6 x 2 = (12marks)

SECTION C (30MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section.

(a). State any five elements of a good citizenship. (5marks)

Respect for other people /their property

Obedience to the laws of the country

Participation in development projects

Participation in the democratic /electoral processes

Being loyal/patriotic to ones country

Practicing integrity/honesty when performing duties

Reporting law breakers to the authorities

Efficient use of national resources.

Any 5 x 1 = (5marks)

(b). Explain five requirements in the constitution making process. 10marks

Provision of civic education

Collecting views from the public

Drafting the constitution

The draft constitution is published for the public/disseminated

The review commission hold public hearings in all the areas for further recommendations

Convening of a national constitutional conference to amend or reject the recommendation

If agreed upon issues or rejected at the conference, the commission organizes a referendum for the public to vote.

The Attorney General publishes the draft constitution in form of a bill.

It is introduced in parliament for enactment.

Any 5 x 2 = (10marks)

(a). State any three aims of correctional services in Kenya. (3marks)

They rehabilitate /reform/change prisoners through guidance and counseling.

Offer vocational training to prisoners to make them productive citizen after jail term

Take care of the welfare of the prisoners e.g providing basic needs such as medication

Confine prisoners convicted by the court of law hence protection of the public.

Keep watch over behavior of suspected criminals whose cases are still pending in law courts.

Execute/implement the courts decisions e.g administers punishment as directed by the court.

Help to confine convicted people who are a threat to the state security.

Any 3 x 1 = (3marks)

(b). Explain any six challenges facing the correctional services in Kenya. (12marks)

Overcrowding /congestion due to increased prisoners

Poor living conditions of the prisoners/poor sanitation.

Outbreak of diseases due to congestion- cholera,HIV/AIDS

Mistreatment of prisoners by prison warders e.g some are killed as they attempt to escape.

Inadequate basic needs – food, beddings and clothing (uniform)

Inadequate trained personnel to counsel prisoners who abuse drugs.

Lack of enough capital/ finance – to train prisoners in vocational skills

Corruption by those in power/prison warders e.g nepotism, favourism, cover-ups and even bribery.

Poor living and working conditions for the prison warders -poor housing and low wages.

Any 6 x 2 = (12marks)

(a).State three ways in which the National Government relates with the county Governments in Kenya.

There is mutual respect in performance/ exercising their power.

They assist /consult /support as appropriate 

They should implement legislation of other level of government

They liaise for the purposes of exchanging information/coordination policies /administration/enhancing capacity.

They cooperate in the performance of function/exercise of power /set up joint committee/join authority.

They set up mechanism of settling disputes 

The national government has power to intervene if a county government is unable to perform its functions/the president may suspend a county government.

Any 3 x 1 = (3marks)

(b). Explain six challenges faced by the county Governments in Kenya. (12marks)

High population in some counties making it difficult in the provision of quality services

Poor transport and communication network hinders movement of goods/services

Inadequate resources make it difficult for counties to generate enough revenue for development/ inadequate funds.

Rivalry /wrangling among leaders in the counties undermines the governments operation

Inadequate skilled personnel in some departments hampers provision of services

Corruption/embezzlement /misuse of devolved funds slows development in the counties

Delay in remittance of funds to the counties by the National Government hampers the smooth running of the Governments.

Natural calamities in some counties lead to diversion of some resources to address the emergencies e.g floods.

Duplication of roles in the county causes conflict between the personnel of the two levels of the government

Interference in their work by the National Government

Cross-county planning and development-some resources e.g water and forest may be serving more than one county- there may bring conflicts between counties

Structural overlaps- management of cities and urban areas differs from that of rural areas with more services directed to cities and urban centres.

Any 6 x 2 = (12marks)

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